Ab-o'th-yate at the Isle of Man

Literatura dialectal. -- Lancashire. -- Pertenece a la colección 1800-1950 del Salamanca Corpus. -- Prosa. -- Benjamin Brierley. -- Ab-o'th-yate at the Isle of Man. -- 1869. -- Primera edición.[EN] Fiction letters written in the Lancashire dialect. [ES] Cartas escritas en el dialecto de Lancashire

BARRIERS TO PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AS PERCEIVED BY ADMINISTRATORS, PARENTS, AND TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to parental involvement in kindergarten and first grade as perceived by administrators, parents, and teachers in a public school community district in New York City. Barriers to parental involvement were investigated as they related to: (1) administrator-parent relations, (2) teacher-parent relations, (3) parent-child relations, (4) the parent-teachers association, and (5) community-school relations. The study also sought to determine the differences among and the relationships between the perceptions of barriers held by administrators, parents, and teachers. These perceptions were measured through responses to the Parental Involvement Questionnaire developed by the investigator. The following research questions were addressed: (1) What are perceptions of administrators, parents, and teachers regarding barriers to parental involvement? (2) Are there any significant differences in these perceptions? (3) Are there any significant relationships between these perceptions? The Parental Involvement Questionnaire was distributed by the investigator to each of the fifteen elementary schools in District Three. Thirteen of the schools cooperated, returning eight principals\u27 forms, 25 teacher forms, and 102 parent forms. Answers to open-ended questions were also received, with 74 subjects also expressing willingness to be interviewed in order to elaborate on their views. All of these subjects were subsequently contacted by the investigator either in person or on the telephone. As a result of these investigations, it was concluded that parental involvement is still considered of critical importance in the education of young children. On the whole, administrators were not perceived as standing in the way of this involvement. One of the chief difficulties appeared to be a lack of agreement between parents and teachers as to the parental role in education and the efficacy of parents working with their children at home. Workshops for parents were given high priority as a need for improving this lack of understanding. The investigator concluded that future research should concentrate on finding ways to forge better relationships between teachers and parents and to study the methods used by successful administrators to this end

The Molecular Epidemiology of Dioxin Exposure in Former Chemical Workers

Background: Dioxins, a class of toxic and persistent chemical compounds, are ubiquitous in the environment. This dissertation presents the results of three studies that share the major aim of characterizing some of the mechanistic factors through which dioxins exert their toxic effects in humans, using observational data. The first investigated the association with a chromosomal aberration that may mediate development of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). The second evaluated the potential antagonistic behavior of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls on dioxin activity. The third was designed to better understand chloracne susceptibility in exposed persons. Methods: A large international multidisciplinary research team enrolled, surveyed, and examined two cohorts of Eastern European subjects. One was composed of chemical factory workers occupationally exposed to dioxins. The other was composed of residents from a nearby city without known dioxin exposure. Additionally, the relationship between dioxin exposure and gene expression in a subsample of the two cohorts was investigated. Results: The first study demonstrated a significant association between background serum levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 126 and chromosomal translocation t(14;18) frequency in the population-based cohort, and this relationship was modified by smoking habit. In the second study, expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was significantly associated with serum dioxin levels, and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 153 was shown to have an antagonistic effect on this dioxin-induced expression. The third study showed a much higher prevalence of smoking in those who developed chloracne versus those who did not in the occupationally exposed cohort. Conclusions: These findings suggest a biologically plausible mechanism for increased risk of NHL. Additionally, this is the first time that the interaction between dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like compounds has been reported in a human observational study. Finally, these findings may help to explain why only some of those with dioxin exposure seem more likely to develop chloracne. Taken together, the results of these studies have important implications for risk assessment of exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Furthermore, these findings suggest that dioxin toxicity in humans may be significantly altered by avoidance or cessation of smoking, a modifiable behavior