Assessment of Ecotourism Potential and Constraints of Community-based Sclerocarya Birrea Kernel Production in Tswapong North, Botswana

Natural woodlands provide a myriad of products and services that support community rural livelihoods through improving household income, food security, safety net, health and nutrition, leisure, ecotourism and outdoor recreation. This is more often realized among women in remote or rural areas, who for most of the time, live in poverty. This study is aligned with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 (No poverty) and 12 (responsible consumption and production). Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential and constraints of using Sclerocarya birrea kernels (morula) as a source of ecotourism to support livelihoods for members of a community-based Trust (CBO) in rural Botswana. The study was carried out in two villages of Seolwane and Matlhako in the central district of Botswana. Data for the study was collected from 102 members of the Trust using a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide for key informants. Additional information was gathered through participant observation during field work. The harvesters and producers comprised mostly of elderly women with an average age of 64 years. The net margin for kernel production for an average producer was profitable, and an ecotourism potential for morula project was rated high. Challenges facing production of morula kernels include but not limited to lack of market, lower prices, primitive production technology associated with health injuries and poor marketing. Erratic rainfall and recurring dry spells were perceived to be affecting fruiting and production of morula. The study recommends the development of an improved or modern technology in the production of kernels, listing morula tree under protected tree species in Botswana as well as encouraging and supporting its planting around the country