293 research outputs found
Policy Analysis of Rural Development Strategy in Mexico: Creation and Management of Infrastructure Systems
This thesis explores rural development strategy in Mexico within the context of infrastructure development. It finds that although the tenants of decentralization and neoliberalism on which the strategy is based are conducive to gains in productivity, equity, and environmental sustainability in rural Mexico, the current government apparatus creates a number of market failures which limit the beneficial potential of the development strategy. Lessons learned from the Mexican experience should be applied in other contexts for development strategies
Choosing to Work with the Elderly: Analyzing Determinants in the Decision of the Health Professions Student
Human Environmental Science
Cinemeducation in medicine: a mixed methods study on studentsâ motivations and benefits
BACKGROUND: Cinemeducation courses are used to supplement more standard teaching formats at medical schools and tend to emphasise biopsychosocial aspects of health. The purpose of this paper is to explore why medical students attend the cinemeducation course M23 Cinema (M23C) at LMU Munich and whether a film screening with a subsequent expert and peer discussion benefits their studies and their future careers as medical doctors. METHODS: An exploratory sequential mixed methods study design was used. Qualitative research, i.e. three focus groups, four expert interviews, one group interview and one narrative interview, was conducted to inform a subsequent quantitative survey. Qualitative data was analysed using qualitative content analysis and quantitative data was analysed descriptively. The findings were integrated using the âfollowing a threadâ protocol. RESULTS: In total, 28 people were interviewed and 503 participants responded to the survey distributed at seven M23C screenings. Participants perceive the M23C as informal teaching where they learn about perspectives on certain health topics through the combination of film and discussion while spending time with peers. The reasons for and reported benefits of participation varied with educational background, participation frequency and gender. On average, participants gave 5.7 reasons for attending the M23C. The main reasons for participating were the film, the topic and the ability to discuss these afterwards as well as to spend an evening with peers. Attending the M23C was reported to support the studentsâ memory with regards to certain topics addressed in the M23C when the issues resurface at a later stage, such as during university courses, in the hospital, or in their private life. CONCLUSIONS: The M23C is characterised by its unique combination of film and discussion that encourages participants to reflect upon their opinions, perspectives and experiences. Participating in the M23C amplified the understanding of biopsychosocial aspects of health and illness in students. Thus, cinemeducative approaches such as the M23C may contribute to enabling health professionals to develop and apply humane, empathetic and relational skills. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-022-03240-x
Flora Tristan: Rethinking the Intersection of 19th Century French Womenâs Travel Writing and History of Anthropology
Flora Tristan was a 19th century French socialist and feminist writer and activist. During her lifetime, Tristan published two works of travel writing, PeĚreĚgrinations d'une paria (Tristan 1838a; 1838b) and Promenades dans Londres (Tristan 1840), which were read and received in a variety of ways by a variety of reading publics. Existing scholarship on these texts, primarily in the field of literary studies, has tended to focus on Tristanâs gender, and on the ways in which this intersects with her writing and activism; by contrast, Tristan â like other women travel writers of her time â has been largely marginalized in broader discussions of travel writing and its history. Furthermore, Tristan and her texts appear to have been entirely absent from histories of anthropology. This thesis examines the relationship between travel writing, ethnography, anthropology, and their respective histories, seeking to reconsider Tristanâs travel writing in relation to these. I argue that Tristanâs travel writing resonates in important ways with ethnography, anthropology, and their interconnected histories, and that taking seriously her works as part of broader discussions on these topics has the potential to contribute additional possibilities, perspectives, and insights that might otherwise be erased, overlooked, or elided
A promoter region that controls basal and elicitor-inducible expression levels of the NADPH: cytochrome P450 reductase gene (Cpr) from Catharanthus roseus binds nuclear factor GT-1
NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is
essential for the activation of cytochrome P450 enzymes,
which are involved in a wide variety of metabolic
pathways in plants, including those related to defence
responses. In the subtropical plant Catharanthus roseus
several cytochrome P450 enzymes operate in the biosynthesis of defence-related terpenoid indole alkaloids
(TIAs). In agreement with the importance of CPR in
defence, Cpr mRNA levels in C. roseus were found to be
enhanced by fungal elicitor preparations that also induce
TIA biosynthesis and P450 gene expression. Here we
describe the isolation of a C. roseus genomic DNA clone
covering the 5¢ part of the Cpr gene and 1.6-kb of upstream sequences. Mapping of the transcription start site
showed the untranslated leader sequence is approximately 280 bp long. To study the control of gene expression by the Cpr promoter, transcriptional fusions
between Cpr promoter fragments and the gusA reporter
gene were generated and their expression was analyzed
in stably transformed tobacco plants. The Cpr promoter
fragment extending from )1510 to )8, with respect to
the ATG start codon, conferred basal and elicitor-inducible expression on the gusA reporter gene, strongly
indicating that the Cpr gene of C. roseus is indeed controlled by this promoter region. Progressive deletion
from the 5¢ end of the promoter to position )632 had little e ect on gusA expression. However, deletion to
position )366 resulted in a complete loss of basal activity and largely eliminated elicitor-induced expression,
indicating that the region from )632 to )366 contains
the main transcription-enhancing cis-regulatory sequences. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with tobacco nuclear extracts showed that binding sites for
nuclear factor GT-1 are redundant in the Cpr promoter,
but absent from the downstream part of the leader sequence. The presence of strong GT-1 binding sites in the
main enhancer region ()632 to )366), is suggestive of a
functional role for this factor in basal expression and
elicitor responsiveness of the Cpr promoter.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A promoter region that controls basal and elicitor-inducible expression levels of the NADPH: cytochrome P450 reductase gene (Cpr) from Catharanthus roseus binds nuclear factor GT-1
NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is
essential for the activation of cytochrome P450 enzymes,
which are involved in a wide variety of metabolic
pathways in plants, including those related to defence
responses. In the subtropical plant Catharanthus roseus
several cytochrome P450 enzymes operate in the biosynthesis of defence-related terpenoid indole alkaloids
(TIAs). In agreement with the importance of CPR in
defence, Cpr mRNA levels in C. roseus were found to be
enhanced by fungal elicitor preparations that also induce
TIA biosynthesis and P450 gene expression. Here we
describe the isolation of a C. roseus genomic DNA clone
covering the 5¢ part of the Cpr gene and 1.6-kb of upstream sequences. Mapping of the transcription start site
showed the untranslated leader sequence is approximately 280 bp long. To study the control of gene expression by the Cpr promoter, transcriptional fusions
between Cpr promoter fragments and the gusA reporter
gene were generated and their expression was analyzed
in stably transformed tobacco plants. The Cpr promoter
fragment extending from )1510 to )8, with respect to
the ATG start codon, conferred basal and elicitor-inducible expression on the gusA reporter gene, strongly
indicating that the Cpr gene of C. roseus is indeed controlled by this promoter region. Progressive deletion
from the 5¢ end of the promoter to position )632 had little e ect on gusA expression. However, deletion to
position )366 resulted in a complete loss of basal activity and largely eliminated elicitor-induced expression,
indicating that the region from )632 to )366 contains
the main transcription-enhancing cis-regulatory sequences. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with tobacco nuclear extracts showed that binding sites for
nuclear factor GT-1 are redundant in the Cpr promoter,
but absent from the downstream part of the leader sequence. The presence of strong GT-1 binding sites in the
main enhancer region ()632 to )366), is suggestive of a
functional role for this factor in basal expression and
elicitor responsiveness of the Cpr promoter.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome and Tauopathy in a 19-Year-Old With Child Abuse
The majority of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) cases have been reported in former contact sport athletes. This is the first case with TES in a 19-year-old male patient with progressive cognitive decline after daily domestic physical violence through repeated hits to the head for 15 years. The patient presented with a moderate depressive episode and progressive cognitive decline. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) with 220 MBq of [18F]PI-2620 revealed increased focal signal at the frontal and parietal white/gray matter border. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cavum septum pellucidum, reduced left-sided hippocampal volume, and a left midbrain lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid results showed elevated total and p-tau. Neurocognitive testing at admission showed memory deficits clearly below average, and hampered dysfunctions according to the slow processing speed with a low mistake rate, indicating the acquired, thus secondary, attentional deficits. We diagnosed the patient with a TES suggestive of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and classified him as having subtle/mild functional limitation with a most likely transition to mild dementia within the TES criteria. This report underlines child abuse as a relevant criterion in diagnosing TES in cases with repetitive hits to the head. In addition to clinical markers, we show the relevance of fluid tau biomarkers and tau-PET to support the diagnosis of TES according to the recently published diagnosis criteria for TES
Translation controls the expression level of a chimaeric reporter gene
Transcriptional and translational fusions between the reading frame of the β-D-glucuronidase gene (gusA) and the 2Ⲡas well as the 1Ⲡpromoter of mannopine synthase (mas), a TR locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were made. The expression of these constructs was studied in the transgenic F1 offspring of independent tobacco transformants at the protein level by assaying for GUS activity and western blot analysis of the GUS protein and at the steady-state mRNA level. In leaves, stems and roots no correlation was found between steady-state levels of GUS mRNA and enzyme activity. In older tissues significantly higher GUS activities were found. This is explained by the stable character of the GUS protein together with an accumulation of protein upon ageing. Three to ten times higher GUS activities were found for in vitro grown plants than for greenhouse-grown plants of the same offspring, despite similar levels of GUS mRNA. Roots from in vitro grown plants display three to ten times higher GUS activities than stems and leaves. In transgenic plants grown in vitro, containing a translational fusion with two AUGs in phase, the initiation of translation in leaf material occurred at both AUGs. Initiation of translation at the first AUG, however, was ten times more frequent. In contrast, initiation in roots from in vitro grown plants occurred exclusively at the second AUG
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