Can tori arise in a two-regional model with fixed exchange rates?

A two-regional, five dimensional model describing the development of income, capital stock and money stock, which was introduced by T. Asada in [1], is analysed. Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues and a fifth negative one for the linear approximation matrix of the model. A theorem on the existence of invariant tori is presented.dynamic model, equilibrium, linear approximatiomatrix, eigenvalues, normal form of differential equations on invariant surface, bifurcation equation, torus

Health-care Reform in Slovakia

Gesundheitsreform, Slowakei, Health care reform, Slovakia

Slovak Health-care Reform: Greater Privatization

The paper summarizes recent health-care reform in Slovakia and the reform's general rationale, provides a brief theoretical background, and describes the reform measures both adopted and proposed. The authors assess the early experience and the impact of the undertaken reform. The main feature of Slovak health-care reform has been the commercialization of the sector. While much of the reform is still in process, and is thus hard to quantify (for instance, direct expenditures by patients are increasing, while the revenues of certain interest groups are declining), many early steps have produced concrete improvements important toward securing social legitimacy.public expenditure; health care; reform

Secrecy Energy Efficiency of MIMOME Wiretap Channels with Full-Duplex Jamming

Full-duplex (FD) jamming transceivers are recently shown to enhance the information security of wireless communication systems by simultaneously transmitting artificial noise (AN) while receiving information. In this work, we investigate if FD jamming can also improve the systems secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) in terms of securely communicated bits-per- Joule, when considering the additional power used for jamming and self-interference (SI) cancellation. Moreover, the degrading effect of the residual SI is also taken into account. In this regard, we formulate a set of SEE maximization problems for a FD multiple-input-multiple-output multiple-antenna eavesdropper (MIMOME) wiretap channel, considering both cases where exact or statistical channel state information (CSI) is available. Due to the intractable problem structure, we propose iterative solutions in each case with a proven convergence to a stationary point. Numerical simulations indicate only a marginal SEE gain, through the utilization of FD jamming, for a wide range of system conditions. However, when SI can efficiently be mitigated, the observed gain is considerable for scenarios with a small distance between the FD node and the eavesdropper, a high Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or for a bidirectional FD communication setup.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Communication

Liberal hegemony and US foreign policy under Barack Obama

Looking back at the US foreign policy discourse since the end of the Cold War, it is striking how entrenched and dominant one basic assumption has been: the idea that the United States must remain the leading power in the international system. According to this conception, the United States is and should remain the guarantor of international stability. Despite all the debates that have taken place between liberal and conservative internationalists, US foreign policy ideology is still defined by an understanding of the US as “benign hegemon”, even though the term itself is hardly used. America’s leadership is believed to be benevolent in the sense that it is in the best interests not only of the US but also of most states worldwide. Yet in the current presidential race, for the first time since America’s rise to global leadership, a candidate is running under the slogan of “America First”— an attitude that marks a significant break with the dominant hegemonic role conception. (Autorenreferat