In-vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Triphala guggul tablets

Current study investigated the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of successive extracts of a polyherbal formulation Lakshadi guggul tablet a combination of Indian medicinal plants viz. Commiphora mukul, Cissus quadrangularis, Laccifer lacca, Sida veronicaefolia, Terminalia arjuna and Withania somnifera. The studies were undertaken to assess the anti-inflammatory at doses levels of 200 mg and 400 mg/ml of each extract by in-vitro red blood cells membrane stabilization and antioxidant potential at doses levels of 125 μg, 250 μg and 500 μg/ml of each extract by DPPH free radical scavenging activity methods. In-vitro anti- inflammatory activity of extracts were found significant (aP<0.01, bP<0.05) red blood cells membrane stabilization effects with 66.40 % in methanol, 62.15 % in ethyl acetate, 59.39 % in chloroform extract, and 66.18% with standard drug diclofenac. Similarly, in-vitro antioxidant activity of Lakshadi guggul tablets extracts were found significant reduction in free radical scavenging activity in 49.60% in methanol, 48.10% in ethyl acetate extract and relatively similar to 52.21% of standard drugs. The results of these studies revealed that Lakshadi guggul have strong potential antioxidant and anti- inflammatory agents

Evaluation of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A cytomorphometric analysis

Background: Many oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) arise within regions that previously had premalignant lesion. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of premalignant lesions offers the best hope of improving the prognosis in patients with OSCC. Exfoliative cytology is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic technique that could be used for early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quantitative changes in nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (NA/CA) in cytological buccal smears of oral leukoplakia with dysplasia (OLD) and OSCC patients while comparing with normal healthy mucosa. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was conducted over 90 subjects including 30 cases each of OLD, OSCC and clinically normal oral mucosa. The smears obtained were stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain and cytomorphological assessment of the keratinocytes was carried out. The statistical tools included arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison. P < 0.001 was considered as significant. Results: The mean NA of keratinocytes in the normal mucosa was 65.47 ± 4.77 μm 2 while for OLD it was 107.97 ± 5.44 μm 2 and 139.02 ± 8.10 μm 2 for that of OSCC. The differences show a statistically significant increment in NA (P < 0.001). There was significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the CA of keratinocytes from OSCC when compared with those from smears of OLD and normal mucosa with the values of 1535.80 ± 79.38 μm 2 , 1078.51 ± 56.65 μm 2 and 769.70 ± 38.77 μm 2 respectively. The NA/CA ratio in the smears from normal oral mucosa, OLD and OSCC showed a mean value of 0.043 ± 0.004, 0.100 ± 0.008, 0.181 ± 0.015 respectively with a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Evaluation of nuclear and CA of keratinocytes by cytomorphometry can serve as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and prognosis of a dysplastic lesion which may lead to OSCC

Inverted-heterostructure based device of CH

In this paper, we have presented a device {FTO (Fluorine-doped tin Oxide)/TiO2/hybrid perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Al} of photoconductive material CH3NH3PbBr3 for the photovoltaic applications. TiO2 has been used as an electron transport layer, which plays the vital role of extracting electrons, transporting electrons, blocking holes and also aligned the perfect energy match with CH3NH3PbBr3. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the fabricated device have been analyzed to evaluate the various diode parameters and understand the charge transport properties. We have analyzed of space charge limited conduction (SCLC) region to evaluate the charge carrier mobility and the calculated value was 1.59 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The mobility of carrier may also be extract by I–V characteristics with 0–10 V (charge transport graph). The current level in the device increases considerably under light excitation. Furthermore, impedance spectroscopy analysis has been performed to identify the internal circuit parameters of the photoconductive device

Maxillary unicystic ameloblastoma: A review of the literature

The term unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic, or gross features of a jaw cyst, but on histologic examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor growth. Although the histology suggests that cystic ameloblastomas follow a biologically low-grade course, recent evidence suggests that they may often behave clinically as aggressive tumors. This is supported by the high incidence of cortical perforation, tooth resorption, increase in lesion size, bony destruction, and a high rate of recurrence after simple enucleation. Here, the authors present a case report on unicystic variant of ameloblastoma in the maxilla. An attempt has been made to emphasize that it can involve the maxillary jaw, which is rarely affected and could be more aggressive than previously thought. A literature review on the topic has been added along with the case report. It is important to remember that a proper and timely diagnosis of the character and extent of a UA (with a thorough histopathologic examination of the entire specimen) can help in the overall long-term well-being of the patient

Oral squamous cell carcinomas in age distinct population: A comparison of p53 immunoexpression

Aims: The study aimed to assess the diffused expression of p53 protein in patients with OSCC and its association with age at diagnosis (using 50 years as a cut point). Study Design: Ten normal oral mucosa and sixty OSCC lesions from age-distinct patient populations were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of p53 protein. Results: In OSCC cases, 31 out of total 60 cases (51.67%) showed positive expression for p53 protein and it was more common in older study group (56.67%) than in younger study group (46.67%) but the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, there was also no significant difference in the p53 indices (percentage of p53 positive cells) between the two study groups (P = 0.827). Conclusion: The alteration rates were found to be slightly higher in older patients although not statistically significant

Association of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein at invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aim: Studies reveal that invasive tumor front may be the best field for quantification of proliferative and apoptotic markers. The current study assessed the expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein at invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and correlated the immunostaining with the histologic grades of malignancy. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 slides sample was prepared for the study, one each from ten normal oral mucosa cases and two each from 30 OSCC cases. The OSCC patients were biopsied along invasive tumor front, and samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of both Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein. Results: Of the total 30 OSCC cases, the expression of p53 was found positive in 20 cases (66.6%), while Ki-67 expression was found positive in 21 cases (70%). All the cases in the control group were negative. A higher p53 and Ki-67 expression were seen in OSCC group as compared to normal mucosa. On comparing the control group with various grades of OSCC a statistically significant result was obtained. Conclusion: Higher and statistically significant expression was noted for both p53 and Ki-67 antigen. The results emphasize the potential of Ki-67 and p53 as biomarkers of carcinogenesis in OSCC. Ki-67 expression was comparatively higher when compared with p53 except in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and signifies actively proliferating malignant cells at invasive tumor front