The Geographical Surroundings and Development of Cultural Civilization of Mewar

The historical developments in Mewar State were accompanied with cultural and artistic activities leading to provide historic Mewar a prominent place in terms of efforts contributed to the development and preservation of human civilization and especially Indian culture. It is evident on the basis of archeological evidence from excavation in the terrain of morrains, river vallegs and rocks that about a million years ago, human began to move from the time of ancient stone age to the pre-historic era of human civilization

Quality Of Life and Depression among Patients with Type I Diabetes: A Study of Gender Differences

Diabetes is a progressive chronic condition which places a significant burden of self management on the individual, such as daily monitoring and medications management, worry about the future and distress about the impact of diabetes on various aspects of life. It is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The present study aimed to assess gender differences in quality of life and depression in patients suffering from type I diabetes. A sample of 70 participants (44 male and 26 female) in the age range of 40-80 years was collected from Jammu region, India. WHO Quality of life questionnaire and Beck’s Depression inventory-II were used as tools. Results indicated a significant difference on physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life and on depression across gender. The mean scores indicated that female participants had increased level of depression compared to the male participants. No significant difference was found between male and female on social and environmental dimensions of quality of life

A catastrophic case of venous air embolism in a patient undergoing posterior fossa surgery

Posterior cranial fossa surgeries pose increased risk of venous air embolism (VAE) due the associated pressure gradient. Early detection of VAE is of paramount importance to avoid the disastrous consequences. We, hereby report a case of catastrophic VAE in a 47-year-old male undergoing surgery for glioblastoma

Effect of concentration and temperature variations on interactions in (L-serine/L-valine + aqueous glucose/sucrose/lactose) systems: Viscometric and activation parametric study

Viscosities of (L-serine/L-valine + 0.1 mol dm-3 aqueous glucose/sucrose/lactose) systems have been measured as a function of molal concentration of amino acids at different temperatures; 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. The viscosity data has been utilized to determine viscosity B-coefficients employing Jones-Dole equation. The viscosity B-coefficients of transfer (ΔtrB), variation of B with temperature (dB/dT) and solvation number (Sn) of L-serine/L-valine have been obtained using the experimental viscosity values. Further, Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow per mole of solvent (Δµ°) as well as per mole of solute (Δµ°) along with activation enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) have been computed using Feakin’s transition state theory to throw light on the mechanism of viscous flow. The results have been discussed in terms of solute-solvent interactions; and structure making tendency of amino acid molecules in aqueous saccharides solutions

Comparative Studies on Callus Induction from Different Explants of Vanilla planifolia Andrews

ABSTRACT: An efficient callus induction protocol has been developed for Vanilla planifolia using young leaf segment, shoot tip and nodal segment as explant source. The explants were cultured after surface sterilization on modified MS medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D, NAA and BAP and tested for the callus development. Nodal segments proved to be the best explants as compared to young leaf segment and shoot tip. Maximum callus development was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL -1 BAP and 2.0 mgL -1 NAA

Assessment of clinical methods and ultrasound in predicting fetal birth weight in term pregnant women

Background: Birth weight is the greatest single factor in the survival of fetus and important factor of neonatal problems. Thus estimating fetal weight antenatally is important to the obstetricians to prevent respiratory morbidity and anticipate problems of shoulder dystocia. The objectives of this study were to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various clinical methods and Ultrasound and to correlate these methods of estimation of fetal weight with the actual birth weight of the baby after delivery.Methods: Between January 2013 to June 2014 a prospective cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Gangtok. All subjects with singleton pregnancy with reliable date/dating scan, with no fetal anomalies, undergoing obstetric scan at term one week prior to delivery were included. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated by clinical method AG×SFH (Abdominal girth x Symphysiofundal height) and Johnson’s formula. Hadlock formula using Ultrasound was used. EFW were compared with the actual birth weight.Results: Two hundred women were recruited during the study period. Mean age of the women were 25.24 ±3.32 years and mean gestational age was 38.83 ± 1.10 weeks. For all the cases scan delivery interval was less than seven days. Sixty nine percent of birth weights were distributed between 2000-3500 grams. Mean birth weight of Hadlock’s formula (3240 grams) was closest to the mean of actual birth weight (3100 grams). Hadlock Formula was more accurate for birth range between 2500-3500 grams followed by AG×SFH. For Large for Gestational age babies Johnson’s Formula was found to be better. Average error in estimating fetal weight was 190.34 grams by Hadlock’s formula, 208.78 grams by AG x SFH and 290.29 grams by Johnson’s method. The difference between Hadlock’s and AG×SFH was not statistically significant (p>0.01); but for Johnson’s it was statistically significant (p<0.01). Prediction of birth weight within 10% of actual birth weight was in 81% of Cases by AG x SFH formula, 79% by Hadlock’s formula, and 47% by Johnson’s formula.Conclusions: Clinical estimation of birth weight clearly has a role in management of labour and delivery in a term pregnancy. Clinical estimation especially by SFH×AG method is as accurate as routine USG estimated in average birth weight. SFH × AG clinical formula can be of great value in developing countries like ours, where ultrasound is not available at many health care centers especially in a rural area

Mortality and morbidity associated with illegal use of abortion pill: a prospective study in tertiary care center

Background: In India, medical method of abortion is allowed for first 7 weeks of intra uterine pregnancy. As per WHO it is safe and effective method for termination of early pregnancy under medical supervision. It is done by using mifepristone (200mg) and misoprostol (800mcg). These drugs are not for contraception but are abortion pills. Women use the abortion pills for unintended pregnancy inspite of using various method of contraception due to lack of knowledge, apprehension, poverty, denial, and ignorance of contraceptive use without any medical supervision (illegal use) and become victim of unsafe abortion. The main aim of this study was to find out mortality and morbidity associated with illegal use of abortion pill.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, TMMC and RC Moradabad, a tertiary care center with history of intake of abortion pill (mifepristone and misoprostol) for 1 year from 1st May 2015 to 1st April 2016 on 120 patients. Data was collected and analysed by percentage and proportions.Results: Illegal use of abortion pill was more common among 30-39 years (55%) group of women and mostly were grand multiparous (81.67%). In most of the cases husband brought the pills (85%) from advice of chemist (70%).The most common presenting complaint was excessive bleeding per vaginum (66.3%). Most common complication was moderate anemia (38.3%).Conclusions: The present study recommends medical method of abortion is safe and effective under medical supervision. Illegal use of abortion pills without supervision results in serious complications. 

Assessment of Doppler velocimetry versus nonstress test in antepartum surveillance of high risk pregnancy

Background: High risk pregnancies increase the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality; and there is a need for appropriate investigation which can diagnose it early and predicts the morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of Doppler velocimetry studies and NST in predicting fetal compromise in utero and compare their ability in predicting the perinatal outcome in cases of high risk pregnancies.Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional hospital based study conducted at Central Referral Hospital (CRH) which is a teaching hospital of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS). The study was conducted over a period of eighteen months between November 2012 and April 2014. One hundred consecutive cases of high risk pregnancies were enrolled into the study and investigated with NST (non-stress test) and Doppler velocimetry and results were correlated with perinatal outcome. In all cases, accurate gestational age was established from detailed menstrual history and ultrasonographic evidence of gestational age. Detailed examination, history and investigation were undertaken in each patient. Inclusion criteria were patients with singleton pregnancy beyond 34 weeks having one or more high risk factors. In these patients antenatal surveillance was done by Doppler and NST and results of these tests were correlated with perinatal outcome. Based on the Doppler velocimetry and NST results, the study population was divided in to four groups. Pregnant women below 34 weeks, multiple pregnancy and women with no risk factors were excluded from the study.Results: Maximum (63%) patients belonged to pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) group, followed by oligohydramnios (11%), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study showed that patients with both NST and Doppler waveform abnormal (group D) had the highest percentage of neonatal complication, NICU admissions and perinatal deaths. Even those patients with NST normal but Doppler velocimetry abnormal (group B) had comparatively higher neonatal complications. However, in group with NST abnormal and Doppler velocimetry normal (group C) had no fetal compromise. It was observed that normal NST and normal Doppler velocimetry were not statistically different in predicting fetal compromise and prediction value was low. But abnormal Doppler had statistically significant (p value = 0.021) predictive value in detecting fetal compromise. In cases with abnormal Doppler and fetal compromise, NST was still normal showing that abnormal Doppler waveform was better in predicting the bad perinatal outcome. Three out of 100 cases had absent end diastolic flow (AEDF) and all 3 were associated with perinatal morbidity with 2 perinatal deaths. Cerebroplacental ratio was < 1.08 in seven cases and all seven had neonatal complications including 3 neonatal deaths which also had AEDF. Thus, cerebroplacental ratio was better in detecting fetal compromise as compared to NST.Conclusions: Doppler velocimetry was better in predicting fetal compromise in comparison to NST in high risk pregnancies. Normal NST and normal Doppler velocimetry were not significantly different in prediction of fetal outcome. Abnormal Doppler value was better in predicting fetal compromise in comparison to abnormal NST

Guide to investigating business fraud

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1354/thumbnail.jp