Construcción de letrinas en el municipio de La Huacana, Mich. Usando elementos vibrocomprimidos de concreto

Tomando en cuenta las necesidades de los habitantes de la región del municipio de La Huacana, Mich., y de acuerdo a los programas de ayuda y desarrollo llevados a cabo por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, del gobierno federal, la administración del H. Ayuntamiento de este municipio se dio a la tarea mediante la dirección de obras públicas del mismo, de elaborar un proyecto de construcción de letrinas acorde a las características de la zona y de conformar el expediente técnico correspondiente para ingresar a los programas de letrinas del gobierno federal, y contar con el apoyo y el recurso provisto para esta causa

"Estabilización físico-química de suelos arcillosos elaborados con precursores Nano-métricos"

En esta investigación se probaron cuatro productos nuevos creados a través de precursores nano-métricos donde se pretendió ver qué tipo de mejoría o estabilización realizaban estos dentro de las propiedades físcas y químicas de las arcillas. Estos productos ó también llamados estabilizantes, se aplicaron en la parte experimental basándose en la metodología de la "National Lime Association", utilizando la norma de "Diseño y procedimiento de ensayos de suelos estabilizados con cal"

Incorporation of photoactive TiO2 in an aluminosilicate inorganic polymer by ion exchange

In the present paper, it is described a procedure to ion exchange in an aluminosilicate inorganic polymer (geopolymer) in order to incorporate photoactive TiO 2. Metakaolin base geopolymers synthesized at 40 and 90 °C were chosen to be ion-exchanged with a solutions of (NH 4) 2 TiO (C 2O 4) 2-H 2O with and without previous treatment with NH 4Cl. The final geopolymers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, Raman, XRD, BET, UV/Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence. It was confirmed that ion-exchange method incorporated anatase TiO 2 particles inside the geopolymer, affecting the geopolymers bond vibration modes of the AlO 4-SiO 4 framework. The observed blue shift in the UV/Vis spectra, suggest that those TiO 2 nanoparticles grew inside the micropores of the geopolymer producing quantum size effects. The photoactivity of such particles was determined by means of photoluminescent spectra and bleaching of methylene blue (MB), which confirms the potential applications of ion-exchanged geopolymers (IEGs) for photocatalytic purposes. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.J.R. Gasca-Tirado wants to thank CONACYT for scholarship and to A. Galindo-Sifuentes, M.A. Hernandez-Landaverde, J.E. Urbina-Alvarez, F. Rodriguez-Melgarejo, A. Mauricio-Sanchez, J.L. Ojeda-Elizarraras, M.S. Garcia-Guillen, C. Vazquez-Ramos and G. Fonseca-Hernandez for their kind technical assistance.Gasca-Tirado, JR.; Manzano Ramirez, A.; Villaseñor-Mora, C.; Muñiz-Villarreal, MS.; Zaldivar-Cadena, AA.; Rubio-Ávalos, JC.; Amigó Borrás, V.... (2012). Incorporation of photoactive TiO2 in an aluminosilicate inorganic polymer by ion exchange. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 153:282-287. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.11.026S28228715

Effect of porosity on the absorbed, reemitted and transmitted light by a geopolymer metakaolin base

In the present paper, the optical characterization of a geopolymer synthesized at three different temperatures (40, 60 and 90 °C) is described. The results were correlated to the porosity fraction in order to obtain a photoluminescent geopolymer. A two-flux model was employed to relate the fraction of light absorbed, remitted and transmitted by a representative layer of geopolymer. Porosity was measured by nitrogen adsorption and correlated with the optical properties to determine the fraction of UV/Vis light transmitted through the samples. It was found that the geopolymer synthesize temperature and the incident wavelength greatly affect the fraction of light transmitted by the samples. The UV/Vis spectrum was divided into three zones according to the observed behavior. In the first zone, the difference in transmission fraction was significant; in the second zone, this difference decreased and practically vanished at the third one. Considering the highest transmission fraction at 90 °C, a photoluminescent geopolymer with the strongest emitting peak at 469 nm was synthesized. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Gasca-Tirado, JR.; Rubio-Ávalos, JC.; Muñiz-Villarreal, MS.; Manzano Ramirez, A.; Reyes-Araiza, JL.; Sampieri-Bulbarela, S.; Villaseñor-Mora, C.... (2011). Effect of porosity on the absorbed, reemitted and transmitted light by a geopolymer metakaolin base. Materials Letters. 65(5):880-883. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.003S88088365

The effect of temperature on the geopolymerization process of a metakaolin-based geopolymer

This paper describes the effect of different curing temperatures on the geopolymerization process, physical, mechanical and optical properties of a metakaolin-based geopolymer activated by alkali. The influence of different curing temperatures (within the range 30 to 90 °C) was studied systematically by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), SEM, UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, Leaching analysis and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method (BET). The results showed the existence of an optimum temperature at which the geopolymer presents the best physical and mechanical properties. The geopolymers cured at 30 and 90 °C presented high porosity, and were translucent to the Visible light, which makes possible to tailor this inorganic polymers for optical and photocatalytic applications. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Muniz-Villarreal M.S. wants to thank CONACYT for scholarship, and Maria-Carmen Delgado, Eleazar-Urbina and Martin-Adelaido Landaverde for their technical assistance.Muñiz-Villarreal, MS.; Manzano Ramirez, A.; Sampieri-Bulbarela, S.; Gasca-Tirado, JR.; Reyes-Araiza, JL.; Rubio-Ávalos, JC.; Pérez Bueno, JJ.... (2011). The effect of temperature on the geopolymerization process of a metakaolin-based geopolymer. Materials Letters. 65(5):995-998. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.049S99599865