1,576 research outputs found
Multijurisdictional Practice and Transactional Lawyers: Time for a Rule That Is Honored Rather Than Honored in Its Breach
Worry and behaviour at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak: results from three UK surveys (the COVID-19 Rapid Survey of Adherence to Interventions and Responses [CORSAIR] study)
We aimed to describe worry and uptake of behaviours that prevent the spread of infection (respiratory and hand hygiene, distancing) in the UK at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak (January and February 2020) and to investigate factors associated with worry and adopting protective behaviours. Three cross-sectional online surveys of UK adults (28 to 30 January, n=2016; 3 to 6 February, n=2002; 10 to 13 February 2020, n=2006) were conducted. We used logistic regressions to investigate associations between outcome measures (worry, respiratory and hand hygiene behaviour, distancing behaviour) and explanatory variables. 19.8% of participants (95% CI 18.8% to 20.8%) were very or extremely worried about COVID-19. People from minoritized ethnic groups were particularly likely to feel worried. 39.9% of participants (95% CI 37.7% to 42.0%) had completed one or more hand or respiratory hygiene behaviours more than usual in the last seven days. Uptake was associated with greater worry, perceived effectiveness of individual behaviours, self-efficacy for engaging in them, and having received more information. 13.7% (95% CI 12.2% to 15.2%) had reduced the number of people they had met. This was associated with greater worry, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. At the start of novel infectious disease outbreaks, communications should emphasise perceived effectiveness of behaviours and ease with which they can be carried out
Andromeda's Parachute: A Bright Quadruply Lensed Quasar at z=2.377
We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectroscopy of the four putative images of
the lensed quasar candidate J014709+463037 recently discovered by Berghea et
al. (2017). The data verify the source as a quadruply lensed, broad
absorption-line quasar having z_S = 2.377 +/- 0.007. We detect intervening
absorption in the FeII 2586, 2600, MgII 2796, 2803, and/or CIV 1548, 1550
transitions in eight foreground systems, three of which have redshifts
consistent with the photometric-redshift estimate reported for the lensing
galaxy (z_L ~ 0.57). By virtue of their positions on the sky, the source images
probe these absorbers over transverse physical scales of ~0.3-21 kpc,
permitting assessment of the variation in metal-line equivalent width W_r as a
function of sight-line separation. We measure differences in W_r,2796 of <40%
across all sight-line pairs subtending 7-21 kpc, suggestive of a high degree of
spatial coherence for MgII-absorbing material. W_r,2600 is observed to vary by
>50% over the same scales across the majority of sight-line pairs, while CIV
absorption exhibits a wide range in W_r,1548 differences of ~5-80% within
transverse distances less than ~3 kpc. J014709+463037 is one of only a handful
of z > 2 quadruply lensed systems for which all four source images are very
bright (r = 15.4-17.7 mag) and are easily separated in ground-based seeing
conditions. As such, it is an ideal candidate for higher-resolution
spectroscopy probing the spatial variation in the kinematic structure and
physical state of intervening absorbers.Comment: Submitted to ApJL. 9 pages, 3 figures. Uses aastex61 forma
Recommended from our members
Effect of Succimer on Growth of Preschool Children with Moderate Blood Lead Levels.
Growth deficits associated with lead exposure might be ameliorated by chelation. We examined the effect of succimer on growth in 780 children 12-33 months old who had blood lead levels of 20-44 microg/dL and were randomized to receive up to three 26-day courses of succimer or placebo in a multicenter, double-blind trial. The difference in changes in weight and height between succimer and placebo groups at 1-34 months was calculated by fitting cubic splines. The difference in height change in children on succimer compared with placebo was -0.27 cm [95% confidence interval (95% CI), -0.42 to -0.11] from baseline to 9 months, when 99% of children had completed treatment, and -0.43 cm (95% CI, -0.77 to -0.09) during 34 months of follow-up. Similar differences in weight gain were not statistically significant. Although succimer lowers blood lead in moderately lead-poisoned children, it does not have a beneficial effect on growth and may have an adverse effect.Other Research Uni
Hydrothermal discharge during submarine eruptions : the importance of detection, response, and new technology
Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 25, no. 1 (2012): 128–141, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2012.11.Submarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of heat, chemicals, and even microbes from the crust to the ocean, but the processes that control these transfers are poorly understood. The 1980s discovery that mid-ocean ridge eruptions are often associated with brief releases of immense volumes of hot fluids ("event plumes") spurred interest in methods for detecting the onset of eruptions or intrusions and for rapidly organizing seagoing response efforts. Since then, some 35 magmatic events have been recognized and responded to on mid-ocean ridges and at seamounts in both volcanic arc and intraplate settings. Field responses at mid-ocean ridges have found that event plumes occur over a wide range of eruption styles and sizes, and thus may be a common consequence of ridge eruptions. The source(s) of event plume fluids are still debated. Eruptions detected at ridges generally have high effusion rates and short durations (hours to days), whereas field responses at arc volcanic cones have found eruptions with very low effusion rates and durations on the scale of years. New approaches to the study of submarine magmatic events include the development of autonomous vehicles for detection and response, and the establishment of permanent seafloor observatories at likely future eruption sites.Support for these efforts came from
the NOAA Vents Program and the
National Science Foundation, primarily
through its long-term funding of the
RIDGE and Ridge 2000 Programs,
including grants OCE-9812294 and
OCE-0222069. SOSUS detection efforts were supported from 2006 to 2009 by
the National Science Foundation, grant
OCE-0623649
Orbiting Circum-galactic Gas as a Signature of Cosmological Accretion
We use cosmological SPH simulations to study the kinematic signatures of cool
gas accretion onto a pair of well-resolved galaxy halos. Cold-flow streams and
gas-rich mergers produce a circum-galactic component of cool gas that generally
orbits with high angular momentum about the galaxy halo before falling in to
build the disk. This signature of cosmological accretion should be observable
using background-object absorption line studies as features that are offset
from the galaxy's systemic velocity by ~100 km/s. Accreted gas typically
co-rotates with the central disk in the form of a warped, extended cold flow
disk, such that the observed velocity offset is in the same direction as galaxy
rotation, appearing in sight lines that avoid the galactic poles. This
prediction provides a means to observationally distinguish accreted gas from
outflow gas: the accreted gas will show large one-sided velocity offsets in
absorption line studies while radial/bi-conical outflows will not (except
possibly in special polar projections). This rotation signature has already
been seen in studies of intermediate redshift galaxy-absorber pairs; we suggest
that these observations may be among the first to provide indirect
observational evidence for cold accretion onto galactic halos. Cold mode halo
gas typically has ~3-5 times more specific angular momentum than the dark
matter. The associated cold mode disk configurations are likely related to
extended HI/XUV disks seen around galaxies in the local universe. The fraction
of galaxies with extended cold flow disks and associated offset absorption-line
gas should decrease around bright galaxies at low redshift, as cold mode
accretion dies out.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, edited to match published version. Includes
expanded discussion, with primary results unchange
Polariton Nanophotonics using Phase Change Materials
Polaritons formed by the coupling of light and material excitations such as
plasmons, phonons, or excitons enable light-matter interactions at the
nanoscale beyond what is currently possible with conventional optics. Recently,
significant interest has been attracted by polaritons in van der Waals
materials, which could lead to applications in sensing, integrated photonic
circuits and detectors. However, novel techniques are required to control the
propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale and to implement the first practical
devices. Here we report the experimental realization of polariton refractive
and meta-optics in the mid-infrared by exploiting the properties of low-loss
phonon polaritons in isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which
allow it to interact with the surrounding dielectric environment comprising the
low-loss phase change material, GeSbTe (GST). We demonstrate
waveguides which confine polaritons in a 1D geometry, and refractive optical
elements such as lenses and prisms for phonon polaritons in hBN, which we
characterize using scanning near field optical microscopy. Furthermore, we
demonstrate metalenses, which allow for polariton wavefront engineering and
sub-wavelength focusing. Our method, due to its sub-diffraction and planar
nature, will enable the realization of programmable miniaturized integrated
optoelectronic devices, and will lay the foundation for on-demand biosensors.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected in v
Quantifying EMI Resulting from Finite-Impedance Reference Planes
Parasitic inductance in printed circuit board (PCB) geometries can detrimentally impact the electromagnetic interference(EMI) performance and signal integrity of high-speed digital designs. This paper identifies and quantifies the parameters that affect the inductance of some typical PCB geometries. Closed-form expressions are provided for estimating the inductances of simple trace and ground plane configurations
New and improved demonstrations, each illustrating a single scientific paper
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
- …