Buccal fat pad removal to improve facial aesthetics : an established technique?

Buccal fat pad (BFP) is a singular structure between the facial muscles. Its removal may enhance the zygomatic prominences resulting in an inverted triangle of beauty. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of literature about BFP removal for facial aesthetic improvement. In order to answer the following research question: What are the indications, complication types and rates, surgical techniques and outcomes of the technique? The initial search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases recognized 220 articles. The final review included eight of them. None of the included studies were clinical trials. BPF removal was performed by intraoral incision or associated with the face lift procedure. In 71 patients submitted to the procedure and evaluated about complications, only 8.45% presented minor complications. Parotid duct and facial nerve injuries were not found. No study evaluated facial aging and long-term effects, therefore the harmless effect of the procedure to those features is not clear. Although it is not a novel procedure, there is a lack of information about long-term outcomes. Thus, controlled clinical studies should be performed to achieve adequate clinical evidence of those aspects

Effects of ionizing radiation on cortical bone microarchitecture: specific related alterations over time

Possui versão em CDFAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)This study aimed to evaluate the cortical bone microarchitecture in rabbit tibias at intervals 7, 14 and 21 days after ionizing irradiation. Twelve adult male New Zealand rabbits were treated with a single radiation dose of 30Gy. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control (no radiation), Ir7, Ir14 and Ir21 days. Computadorized microtomography was used to analyze the microarchitecture of the cortical bone. The following parameters were used: cortical thickness (CtTh), bone volume (BV), total porosity (Ct.Po), intracortical porosity (CtPo (cl)), fractal dimension (FD) and degree of anisotropy (Ct.DA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for all data followed by Tukey and Dunnet tests. The cortical thickness was different (p <0.01) between the control and irradiated groups, with thicker cortex to Ir 7 days. There was no difference between groups for total porosity, however, intracortical porosity revealed significance difference (p <0.001) between the irradiated groups and the control group, with a lower value for Ir7 days. The number of bone channels, fractal dimension and degree of anisotropy did not show significant difference between groups. The bone volume was lower in the Ir14 group in relation to control. In this way, the microarchitecture of the cortical bone can be affected by radiotherapy and the effects appear to be time-dependent. Cortical parameters found in the group Ir21 days were similar to the control group, suggesting that the cortical bone return to the regular conformation after 21 days

Addition of zirconium oxide to Biodentine increases radiopacity and does not alter its physicochemical and biological properties

Objectives: To evaluate the radiopacity of Biodentine (BD) and BD associated with 15% calcium tungstate (BDCaWO4) or zirconium oxide (BDZrO2), by using conventional and digital radiography systems, and their physicochemical and biological properties. Materials and Methods: Radiopacity was evaluated by taking radiographs of cement specimens (n=8) using occlusal film, photostimulable phosphor plates or digital sensors. Solubility, setting time, pH, cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test or two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test (α=0.05). Results: BD radiopacity was lower than 3 mm Al, while BD ZrO2 and BD CaWO4 radiopacity was higher than 3 mm Al in all radiography systems. The cements showed low solubility, except for BDCaWO4. All cements showed alkaline pH and setting time lower than 34 minutes. MTT and NR assays revealed that cements had greater or similar cytocompatibility in comparison with control. The ALP activity in all groups was similar or greater than the control. All cements induced greater production of mineralized nodules than control. Conclusions: Addition of 15% ZrO2 or CaWO4 was sufficient to increase the radiopacity of BD to values higher than 3 mm Al. BD associated with radiopacifiers showed suitable properties of setting time, pH and solubility, except for BDCaWO4, which showed the highest solubility. All cements had cytocompatibility and potential to induce mineralization in Saos-2 cells. The results showed that adding 15% ZrO2 increases the radiopacity of BD, allowing its radiography detection without altering its physicochemical and biological properties

Biomateriais a base de quitosana na correção de defeitos ósseos críticos criados em calvaria de ratos: avaliação radiográfica

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou através de imagens radiográficas digitais, a ação de biomateriais de quitosana e de cloridrato de quitosana, com baixo e alto peso molecular, utilizados na correção de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (DOTC)em calvária de ratos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: DOTCs com 8 mm de diâmetro foram criados cirurgicamente na calvária de 50 ratos Holtzman. Em 10 animais o defeito foi preenchido foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo (controle negativo). Os 40 animais restantes foram divididos de acordo com o biomaterial utilizado no preenchimento do defeito (quitosana de baixo peso e de alto peso molecular, e cloridrato de quitosana de baixo e de alto peso molecular), e foram avaliados em dois períodos experimentais (15 e 60 dias), totalizando 5 animais/biomaterial/período de avaliação. RESULTADO: A avaliação radiográfica foi feita utilizando duas radiografias digitais do crânio do animal: uma tomada logo após o defeito ósseo ser criado e a outra no momento do sacrifício. Nessas imagens, foi avaliada a densidade óssea radiográfica inicial e a final na área do defeito, que foram comparadas. As análises na densidade óssea radiográfica indicaram aumento da densidade óssea radiográfica dos DOTCs tratados para todos os biomateriais testados, em ambos os períodos. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os biomateriais de quitosana testados não foram capazes de aumentar a densidade radiográfica em DOTC realizados em calvária de ratos

Solubility and bacterial sealing ability of MTA and root-end filling materials

Objective To evaluate solubility and sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and root-end filling materials. Material and Methods The materials evaluated were: MTA, Calcium Silicate Cement with zirconium oxide (CSC/ZrO2), and zinc oxide/eugenol (ZOE). Solubility test was performed according to ANSI/ADA. The difference between initial and final mass of the materials was analyzed after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Retrograde cavities in human teeth with single straight root canal were performed by using ultrasonic tip CVD 9.5107-8. The cavities were filled with the evaluated materials to evaluate sealing ability using the bacterial leakage test with Enterococcus faecalis. Bacterial leakage was evaluated every 24 hours for six weeks observing the turbidity of Brain Heart infusion (BHI) medium in contact with root apex. Data were submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey tests (solubility), and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (sealing ability) at a 5% significance level. Results For the 7-day period, ZOE presented highest solubility when compared with the other groups (

Porphyromonas endodontalis in chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbiological cross-sectional study

Although previous studies have shown the presence of Porphyromonas endodontalis in chronic periodontitis associated with periapical lesions, the occurrence of this pathogen in diseased periodontal sites without periapical lesions has been poorly investigated.The aims of this study were to quantify P. endodontalis in patients with chronic periodontitis without periapical lesions, to evaluate the potential correlation of P. endodontalis with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, and to evaluate the ability of periodontal treatment to reduce these pathogens.Patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were selected by recording clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Subgingival samples from 30 diseased nonadjacent sites (CAL&#x200A;&#x2265;&#x200A;5 mm, PD between 5 and 7 mm and positive BOP) and 30 healthy nonadjacent sites (PD&#x200A;&#x2264;&#x200A;3 mm and negative BOP) were collected and subjected to microbial analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) The variables of age, PD, CAL and BOP of all individuals were analyzed using the paired t-test (GrapPad Prism5&#x00AE;). Data of bacteria quantification were subjected to a normality test (D&#x0027;Agostino-Pearson Test). For bacterial correlation analysis, the Spearman correlation was used.Our results showed that diseased sites had significantly higher levels of P. endodontalis compared to healthy sites, similar to the results obtained for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia. The numbers of all bacterial species were reduced significantly after mechanical periodontal treatment. P. endodontalis was significantly correlated with the presence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis in the diseased group.Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence of P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in periodontitis sites and that mechanical periodontal treatment is effective at reducing the pathogens studied

Enxertos ósseos homológos em humanos: avaliação imunológica, tomográfica, histológica e histomorfométrica de sua incorporação e capacidade de osseointegrar implantes

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em humanos, a incorporação do enxerto ósseo homólogo e sua capacidade de osseointegrar implantes de titânio, por meio de análise tomográfica, histológica e histomorfométrica, além de fazer uma avaliação imunológica sistêmica, buscando fatores que indiquem a ocorrência de resposta imune contra esses enxertos, seguindo sua implantação. Para tal foram avaliados 35 pacientes, sendo que 15 foram submetidos a enxertos ósseos autólogos e 20 a enxertos ósseos homólogos, que passaram por avaliação tomográfica (antes, imediatamente após e seis meses depois da realização desses enxertos), por exames imunológicos (hemograma associado às dosagens séricas de TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β e IL-10) anteriormente, e 15, 30 90 e 180 dias após a realização dos enxertos e nos quais foram feitas biópsias, tanto do tecido ósseo (no momento da reabertura dos enxertos para instalação dos implantes) quanto do tecido ósseo com um mini-implante instalado (biopsiado no momento da reabertura da região para instalação de cicatrizadores). Os resultados demonstraram remodelação mais lenta do biomaterial homólogo, em comparação ao autólogo, associada a um maior índice de reabsorção nos seis primeiros meses pós-enxertia, sem alterações hematológicas ou sorológicas relevantes. Os parâmetros associados à osseointegração dos mini-implantes (contato osso implante e área óssea entre as roscas) também foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos tratados. Conclui-se que, dentro das condições experimentais deste estudo, o enxerto ósseo homólogo mostrou-se inferior ao enxerto ósseo autólogo, com processo de incorporação mais lenta, também relacionado a uma maior reabsorção óssea radiográfica, aos seis meses pós-enxertia, e sem alterações hematológicas ou sorológicas...The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in humans, fresh-frozen allogeneic bone grafts incorporation and its capacity of implants osseointegration, using tomographic, histological and histomorphometric evaluation, also looking for signs of systemic immune reaction toward these grafts. For this, we evaluated 35 patients, 15 treated with autologous bone grafts and 20 with fresh-frozen allogeneic bone grafts, who underwent CBCT evaluation (before, immediately after and six months after the completion of these grafts), immunological tests (blood count associated with serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-10), before and 15, 30 90 and 180 days after the graft, and in whom biopsies were taken from both the bone (at the time of reopening grafts for installation of the implants) and the bone tissue with a mini-implant installed (biopsied at the time of reopening the area for installation of healing abutments). Results showed a slower remodeling rate for fresh-frozen allogeneic bone grafts, compared to the autologous material, associated with a higher resorption rate in the first six months post-grafting, with no significant hematological or serum alteration. The parameters associated with mini-implants osseointegration (bone-to-implant contact and bone area between the threads) were also similar between the two studied groups. We conclude that, under the experimental conditions of this study, the fresh-frozen allogeneic bone grafts proved to be inferior to autologous bone graft, with a lower incorporation process, and an increased resorption six months post-grafting, with no significant alterations in blood cell populations or sera. The short term assessment of the parameters related to osseointegration also showed similarity between the group

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de biomateriais à base de quitosana para reconstrução óssea: avaliação radiográfica e histológica

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver biomateriais à base de quitosana e de cloridrato de quitosana (géis), e avaliar radiográfica e histológicamente seu uso na correção de defeitos ósseos críticos na calvária de ratos. Para tal, defeitos de 8mm de diâmetro foram criados cirurgicamente na calvária de 50 ratos Holtzman (Rattus norvegicus) e preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo (controle), quitosana com baixo peso molecular, quitosana com alto peso molecular, cloridrato de quitosana com baixo peso molecular e cloridrato de quitosana com alto peso molecular, totalizando 10 animais, divididos em dois períodos experimentais (15 e 60 dias), para cada biomaterial. Na avaliação radiográfica foram utilizadas duas radiografias digitais dos crânios dos animais, feitas logo após a criação do defeito ósseo e no momento do sacrifício, que forneceram a densidade óssea radiográfica na área do defeito. A avaliação histológica pautou-se na descrição da morfologia dos tecidos neoformados na região do defeito. Os resultados radiográficos e histológicos indicaram que, em todos os grupos, a neoformação óssea ocorreu apenas nas bordas do defeito, e que, exceto no grupo controle, graus variados de inflamação foram observados. Conclui-se que, dentro das condições experimentais deste estudo, os biomateriais de quitosana e de cloridrato de quitosana não foram capazes de promover neoformação óssea nos defeitos ósseos críticos criados em calvária de ratos.The purpose of this study was to develop chitosan and chitosan chloride biomaterials (gels), and to make a histological and radiographic evaluation of their use in the correction of critical size bone defects made in rat’s calvaria. Bone defects of 8mm in diameter were surgically created in the calvaria of 50 Holtzman (Rattus norvegicus) rats and filled with blood clot (control), low molecular weight chitosan, high molecular weight chitosan, low molecular weight chitosan chloride and high molecular weight chitosan chloride, numbering 10 animals, divide into two experimental periods (15 and 60 days), for each biomaterial. For the radiographic evaluation, it were made two digital radiographs of animal’s skulls, right after the creation of the bone defect and at the moment of the sacrifice, providing the radiographic bone density in defect’s area. Histological evaluation was made based on the morphology of the new formed tissues in defect’s region. Radiographic and histological results indicated that, in all groups, new bone formation occurred only near to the defect’s border, and, except in control groups, assorted degrees of inflammation could be seen. We conclude that chitosan and chitosan chloride biomaterials were not able to promote new bone formation incritical size defects made in rat’s calvaria.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES