Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing, Analgesic activities along with Phytochemical Screening of the Methanolic Extract of Xanthium indicum Koenig Fruits

Objective: This study aimed to assess the thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, and analgesic activities of the methanolic extract of the fruits of Xanthium indicum Koenig and undertook a phytochemical screening.Material and Methods: A qualitative analysis method to evaluate phytochemicals was adopted. Analgesic efficacy was assessed in vivo using the acetic acid-induced writhing method in a mouse model. Membranestabilizing and thrombolytic tests were done in vitro measuring the percentage of inhibition of hypotonic solution-produced hemolysis and running a clot disruption assay, respectively.Results: Crude methanolic extract was used for phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of reducing sugars, tannin, saponin, protein, phenol, and diterpenes. In the analgesic activity test, a 500 mg/ kg dose of crude extract showed 40% inhibition of writhing, while 200mg/kg showed a reduction of 22.64%. In the membrane stabilizing activity test, 10 mg/ml extract resulted in the highest inhibition rate of hemolysis with a value of 51.79%, while for acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), this value was 71.35%. In the thrombolytic activity test, 10 mg/ml plant extract showed 27.11% clot-lysis, which was the maximum among our tested concentrations; however, 40.08% lysis was achieved by the standard drug streptokinase. In all cases, we found a dose-dependent response. Tannin and flavonoid are known to be responsible for analgesic and thrombolytic response.Conclusion: As the methanolic extract of the fruits of X. indicum possesses potential pharmacological effects, the plant should be scrutinized comprehensively to detect the bioactive components present and the exact mechanism of their action in view of a drug development program

Development of Biocompatible Polymers and Their Potential Applications in Surface Coatings, Proteins Stabilization, and Cells Cryopreservation

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Attachment and Growth of Fibroblast Cells on Poly (2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate) Analog Polymers as Coating Materials

The regulation of adhesion and the subsequent behavior of fibroblast cells on the surface of biomaterials is important for successful tissue regeneration and wound healing by implanted biomaterials. We have synthesized poly(ω-methoxyalkyl acrylate)s (PMCxAs; x indicates the number of methylene carbons between the ester and ethyl oxygen), with a carbon chain length of x = 2–6, to investigate the regulation of fibroblast cell behavior including adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation and collagen production. We found that PMC2A suppressed the cell spreading, protein adsorption, formation of focal adhesion, and differentiation of normal human dermal fibroblasts, while PMC4A surfaces enhanced them compared to other PMCxAs. Our findings suggest that fibroblast activities attached to the PMCxA substrates can be modified by changing the number of methylene carbons in the side chains of the polymers. These results indicate that PMCxAs could be useful coating materials for use in skin regeneration and wound dressing applications