Virheilmoitusten raportointijärjestelmä PHP - ja Zend Framework 2 pohjaisessa verkkosovelluksessa : case: eKeiretsu Oy

Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee virheilmoitusten raportointijärjestelmän suunnitelman toteutusta. Päätutkimusongelmana haetaan vastausta siihen, miten PHP:ssä toteutetaan virheilmoitusten raportointijärjestelmä? Alaongelmina selvitetään, miten Zend Framework 2:n käyttö vaikuttaa järjestelmän toteutukseen sekä, miten järjestelmään kirjataan käyttäjien löytämät virheet? Tämä tutkimus on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen ja asetettuihin tutkimusongelmiin haetaan vastausta suunnittelutieteellisellä tutkimusmenetelmällä. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa käsitellään olemassa olevia teknologioita, virheilmoitusten käsittelyä, käyttäjien huomaamia virheitä sekä tietoturvaa. Nämä käsiteltävät aiheet ovat kohdeyrityksen kehittämän verkkosovelluksen määrittämiä. Verkkosovellus on tehty PHP verkko-ohjelmointikielellä sekä sen Zend Framework 2 ohjelmistokehyksen avulla. Opinnäytetyön kohdeyritys on asettanut työn tutkimustehtäväksi tehdä suunnitelma virheilmoitusten raportointijärjestelmää varten. Tämä suunnitelma tehdään työn empiria osuudessa ja sitä tullaan käyttämään jatkossa tarkemman järjestelmäsuunnittelun pohjana. Tämän työn tuloksena muodostui yleinen käsitys ja suunnitelma siitä, miten virheilmoitusten raportointijärjestelmä kannattaa toteuttaa PHP:ssä. Työssä myös havaittiin, että Zend Frameworkin käyttö helpottaa tällaisen järjestelmän toteuttamista sekä löydettiin vastaus sille, miten käyttäjien löytämät virheet voidaan kirjata.The purpose of this thesis is to develop a plan for an error message reporting system. The theoretical part of the thesis seeks an answer to the research question how to make an error message reporting system in PHP? Sub-questions try to find out whether the use of Zend Framework 2 affects the system design and also how to log user submitted error reports. This is a qualitative study and it seeks to answer the research problems using a design science research methodology. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of existing technologies, the processing of error messages, methods to help users report errors and data security. The technologies analysed in this chapter are those used in the case company’s web application. The web application is created using the PHP programming language and its Zend Framework 2 program framework. The goal set by the case company for this thesis was to produce a plan for an error message reporting system. This plan was created in the empirical part of the thesis and it will be used as a basis for future, more detailed system planning. This study resulted in a general answer to the question how to create an error message reporting system in PHP. The use of Zend Framework 2 was found to be beneficial in making the system more accessible and easier to develop. The thesis also resulted in a general suggestion as to how the application’s users could submit their own error reports

Inconsistencies in drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Current riddles and recommendations

Drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a crucial procedure to determine the effective drug regimen for patients' treatment. Reporting of erroneous DST results to the treating physician has adulterous effects on patients. As a first study of its type, the inconsistencies in reporting DST results of rifampicin and isoniazid from Saudi Arabia were assessed. An automated liquid culture-based DST and a molecular mutation detection technique were used. Performance of first-line drug susceptibility testing of 1904 clinical isolates showed 44 inconsistent results. The majority of the cases reported as MDR-TB from the referral laboratories could not reproduce the same results at a different site (Mycobacteriology Research Section). Of the 44 cases, 16 (36.3%) showed false resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin and on the other hand, 14 (31.8%) cases showed false susceptibility to the same drugs. The possible causes for the inconsistencies and recommendations to overcome the biases based on this experience are discussed

Potential Inclusion of Multiple Intelligences in Jordanian EFL Textbooks : A Content Analysis

This study examines the potential incorporation of the principles of Multiple Intelligences Theory in the Jordanian EFL textbooks. More specifically, it reports on a content analysis of Action Pack textbooks for the first-, fourth-, eighth- and eleventh-grades by means of content analysis. The findings reveal that the moral, existential and spiritual intelligences are not incorporated in the activities of the textbooks under study; the verbal/linguistic, intrapersonal and spatial/visual intelligences are relatively more incorporated than other intelligences; and the inclusion of multiple intelligences is fairly unbalanced in the four textbooks.Aquest estudi examina la possible incorporació dels principis de la Teoria d'Intel·ligència Múltiple en els llibres de text d'anglès com a llengua estrangera jordans. Més específicament, da un anàlisi del contingut del llibre de text Action Pack per als nivells de primer, quart, vuitè i onzè, mitjançant l'anàlisi de contingut. Els resultats revelen que les intel·ligències morals, existencials i les 15 intel·ligències espirituals no es troben en els llibres de text que s'han estudiat. Les intel·ligències verb-lingüístiques, intrapersonals i espai-visuals estan relativament més incorporades que altres intel·ligències, i que la inclusió d'intel·ligències múltiples no apareix de forma equilibrada en els quatre llibres de text.Este estudio examina la posible incorporación de los principios de la Teoría de Inteligencia Múltiple en los libros de texto de inglés como lengua extranjera jordanos. Más específicamente, informan sobre un análisis del contenido del libro de texto Action Pack para los niveles primero, cuarto, octavo y undécimo mediante el análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelan que las inteligencias morales, existenciales y las 15 inteligencias espirituales no se encuentran en los libros de texto que se han estudiado. Las inteligencias verbo-lingüísticas, intrapersonales y espacio-visuales están relativamente más incorporadas que otras inteligencias, y que la inclusión de inteligencias múltiples no aparece de forma equilibrada en los cuatro libros de texto.Cette étude examine l'éventuelle intégration des principes de la théorie des intelligences multiples dans les manuels de l'anglais comme langue étrangère Jordaniens. Plus précisément, compte une analyse du contenu du manuel Action Pack pour les niveaux premier, quatrième, huitième et onzième travers l'analyse de contenu. Les résultats révèlent que les intelligences morales, existentielles et spirituelles ne sont pas intégrés dans les activités des manuels à l'étude; Le verbale-linguistique intelligence, intrapersonnelle et visuo-spatiales sont relativement plus intégrés que les autres intelligences, et l'inclusion des intelligences multiples est assez déséquilibrée dans les quatre manuels

Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate Following Fallopian Tube Recanalization in Women with Proximal Fallopian Tube Obstruction

Fallopian tube obstruction is a major cause of female infertility. We aimed to evaluate the factors potentially affecting pregnancy rate following fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) in infertile women with proximal fallopian tube obstruction. Data was retrospectively collected for 61 women (25, primary infertility; 36, secondary infertility) who underwent FTR at our institution. Bivariable and multivariable analyses of clinical pregnancy rates in relation to the following factors were performed: primary vs. secondary infertility, duration of infertility, age at the time of FTR, unilateral vs. bilateral obstruction, and previous pelvic interventions. All women who underwent fluoroscopically guided transcervical FTR of one or both proximally obstructed tubes were successfully recanalized (technical success rate, 100%). Within a year after FTR, 41% of women had conceived. None of the studied variables was significantly associated with pregnancy rate on bivariable analysis. Nevertheless, on multivariable analysis, the type and duration of infertility were significantly associated with pregnancy among women aged <35 years at the time of FTR. Our findings regarding pregnancy rates following FTR reflect the diversity of the patient population and suggest the presence of multiple contributing factors. Younger women with secondary infertility for <5 years are highly likely to achieve conception following FTR

Admixed Phylogenetic Distribution of Drug Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Saudi Arabia

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The phylogeographical structure of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> is generally bimodal in low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries, where genetic lineages of the isolates generally differ with little strain clustering between autochthonous and foreign-born TB patients. However, less is known on this structure in Saudi Arabia—the most important hub of human migration as it hosts a total population of expatriates and pilgrims from all over the world which is equal to that of its citizens.</p> <h3>Methodology</h3><p>We explored the mycobacterial phylogenetic structure and strain molecular clustering in Saudi Arabia by genotyping 322 drug-resistant clinical isolates collected over a 12-month period in a national drug surveillance survey, using 24 locus-based MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping.</p> <h3>Principal Findings</h3><p>In contrast to the cosmopolitan population of the country, almost all the known phylogeographic lineages of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> complex (with noticeable exception of <em>Mycobacterium africanum</em>/West-African 1 and 2) were detected, with Delhi/CAS (21.1%), EAI (11.2%), Beijing (11.2%) and main branches of the Euro-American super-lineage such as Ghana (14.9%), Haarlem (10.6%) and Cameroon (7.8%) being represented. Statistically significant associations of strain lineages were observed with poly-drug resistance and multi drug resistance especially among previously treated cases (p value of < = 0.001 for both types of resistance), with relative over-representation of Beijing strains in the latter category. However, there was no significant difference among Saudi and non-Saudi TB patients regarding distribution of phylogenetic lineages (p = 0.311). Moreover, 59.5% (22/37) of the strain molecular clusters were shared between the Saudi born and immigrant TB patients.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Specific distribution of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> phylogeographic lineages is not observed between the autochthonous and foreign-born populations. These observations might reflect both socially favored ongoing TB transmission between the two population groups, and historically deep-rooted, prolonged contacts and trade relations of the peninsula with other world regions. More vigorous surveillance and strict adherence to tuberculosis control policies are urgently needed in the country.</p> </div

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Awassi-Jo sheep breed (Ovis aries) in Jordan

Using high-throughput sequencing technology, the complete mitochondrial genome of Awassi-Jo breed (Ovis aries) was decoded. Mitochondrial genome was 16,617 bp in length. The genome contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA) and a control region (D-loop region). The genes were encoded on the H-strand, except for the ND6 gene and 8 tRNA genes, which were encoded on the L-strand. The GC content is 38.9%. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare Awassi-Jo with other sheep breeds. The phylogenetic tree showed that Awassi-Jo diverged earlier than related breeds (Turkey, Italy, Germany, and Netherland) with a common ancestor in haplogroup HB. The results revealed the importance of mitochondrial data in studying sheep evolution and domestication

Association between drug-resistance and strain lineages.

1<p>Mono drug resistance was used as the closest reference to a pan-sensitive status.</p>2<p>Uganda-I (N = 9), S (8), X (7), New I (n = 5),), TUR (n = 5), Unknown (n = 2).</p

Demographical summary of the study samples.

1<p>Eastern Saudi Arabia.</p>2<p>Central Saudi Arabia.</p>3<p>Western Saudi Arabia.</p>4<p>Southern Saudi Arabia.</p>5<p>Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,</p>6<p>China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines.</p>7<p>Yemen.</p>8<p>Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan.</p

Drug resistant pattern of the enrolled isolates.

1<p>Newly diagnosed cases.</p>2<p>Patient received >1 month of anti TB drug therapy.</p>3<p>Multidrug resistant tuberculosis; resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.</p>4<p>Pan-resistance was defined here as resistance to all four first-line drugs.</p

Distributions of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex strain lineages among Saudi and non-Saudi cases.

<p>Lineages identified as described in text were segregated as per “Saudi” and “Non-Saudi” nationalities. Bar diagrams show the proportion (in percentage) of each lineage in each of these two groups. The lineages TUR, NEW-I and URAL were clubbed under the label “Others” as the corresponding isolates are very few in number.</p