Efectos de la adducción durante ejercicios de rotación externa glenohumeral en los músculos escapulohumerales

[EN]The effect of adduction during glenohumeral external rotation (ER) exercises on the scapulohumeral muscles is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carrying out adduction during external rotation exercises in low and high shoulder positions on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the infraspinatus (IS), middle deltoid (MD), and posterior deltoid (PD) muscles. EMG activity of the IS, MD, and PD muscles of 20 healthy participants was evaluated. Subjects performed 6 ER exercises that combined two factors: i) different adduction pressures according to biofeedback unit (0, 5 and 10 mmHg), and ii) low and high shoulder position. The pressure was controlled using a biofeedback unit. The low and high shoulder positions were 20° and 90° of abduction. In the low shoulder position, the activity of the IS muscle increased as the pressure on the biofeedback unit increased and the MD and PD muscles presented the highest activity at 10 mmHg. In the high shoulder position, the activity of the IS muscle was higher at 0 and 10 mmHg, the MD muscle presented higher activity at 5 mmHg, and PD muscle activity did not vary with the pressure. The addition of adduction at a pressure of 5 mmHg in the low shoulder position promotes is activity. Likewise, adduction at a pressure of 10 mmHg will promote activity of the IS, MD, and PD

The Effect of Sleep Quality on Pain in Chilean Individuals with Musculoskeletal Disorders

[EN]Poor sleep quality (SQ) negatively affects pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). As the level of economic development of a country determines its sanitary conditions, these can influence the sleep–pain relationship; therefore, it is relevant to generate evidence in the population with MSD in developing countries. This cross-sectional study sought to determine the effect of poor SQ on pain in Chilean individuals with MSD, controlling for sex and duration of pain (in months). Method: A total of 228 individuals were included. SQ was measured with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), pain (intensity, interference and distress relative to pain) was measured with visual analog scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the effect of SQ on pain. Results: A high frequency of poor SQ was present in the studied group, and was more prevalent in women. The SEM model evidenced that poor SQ predicts greater pain. Sex influences sleep quality and pain, but not pain duration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that poor SQ predicts higher pain in MSD and that women exhibit worse SQ and more significant pain than men. Our findings support that SQ should be considered in the comprehensive approach to pain in individuals with MSD

EFFECT OF “FIFA 11+” ON THE PATTERN OF FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN UNDER-14 SOCCER PLAYERS

<div><p>ABSTRACT Introduction: Increasing youth participation in soccer has several benefits, but it also brings risks of injury. The use of neuromuscular techniques is effective in preventing injuries, especially in periods of growth as occurs in puberty, which coincides with the development of fundamental basic movements. Therefore, it is important to implement and evaluate prevention programs that focus on neuromuscular control during this stage. Objective: To determine the effect of the FIFA 11+ over a six-week training period in order to quickly improve fundamental movement patterns in under-14 soccer players. Method: A quasi-experimental study that evaluated the fundamental movement patterns through the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in 22 athletes who were divided into a control group (CG; N=11) and an experimental group (EG; N=11), submitted to the program FIFA 11+ for six weeks. The SPSS 20.0 program was used to analyze the data. Results: Statistically significant improvements were found in the in-line lunge (IL) and in the post-intervention FMS total scores in EG, as well as intergroup improvements when testing the deep squat (DS) in the EG, but not in both groups. Conclusions: The six week FIFA 11+ program did not produce significant improvements in players’ fundamental movements.</p></div

Associaçao entre qualidade do sono e dor em jovens atletas amadores

[EN]Introduction: It has been shown that there is a close association between sleep quality and pain. In young athletes, sleep disorders and pain have a particularly high prevalence; however, the relationship between them has not been widely studied. Objective: To study the association between sleep quality and pain in young athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 71 young amateur athletes (39 males) were included. The mean age was 16.9 ± 1.2 years, with 6.5 ± 3.2 years of sports practice and 5.2 ± 1.2 hours of training per week. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The participants were classified according to sleep quality, as PSQI-I = without sleep disorders, PSQI-II = requiring medical assistance and PSQI-III = requiring medical assistance and treatment. Also, pain intensity was assessed on the Numerical Rating Scale, both at rest (NRSr) and during sports activity (NRSs), along with pain duration. Results: The individuals classified as PSQI-III presented higher NRSr (Mdn = 2.0; IQR = 4.0 vs. Mdn = 0.0; IQR = 2.0; p = 0.04) and higher NRSs (Mdn = 4.0; IQR = 5.0 vs. Mdn = 0.0; IQR = 2.0; p = 0.03) than the individuals classified as PSQI-I. No differences were observed in relation to pain duration. The PSQI score was positively but weakly associated with NRSr (rs = 0.24, p=0.046) and NRSs (rs = 0.27, p = 0.03) but not with pain duration. Conclusion: Young athletes with lower levels of sleep quality show higher levels of pain at rest and during sports practice. Therefore, sleep quality and pain should be considered in the routine assessment of young athletes, by technical and health teams. Level of evidence III; type of study: Cross-sectional . [ES]Introducción: Se demostró que existe estrecha relación entre calidad del sueño y dolor. En atletas jóvenes, los disturbios del sueño y dolor tienen prevalencia bastante alta, sin embargo, la relación entre ellos no fue ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Estudiar la asociación entre calidad del sueño y dolor en atletas jóvenes. Métodos: Fue realizado un estudio transversal, en el cual fueron incluidos 71 atletas jóvenes amateurs (39 hombres). El promedio de edad fue de 16,9 ± 1,2 años, con 6,5 ± 3,2 años de práctica deportiva y 5,2 ± 1,2 horas de entrenamiento por semana. La calidad del sueño fue evaluada por medio del Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Los participantes fueron clasificados de acuerdo con la calidad del sueño, PSQI-I= sin disturbios del sueño, PSQI-II= requiere atención médica y PSQI-III= requiere atención médica y tratamiento. Además, la intensidad del dolor fue evaluada en la Escala de Evaluación Numérica en reposo (EANr) y durante la actividad deportiva (EANe), juntamente con la duración del dolor. Resultados: Los individuos clasificados como PSQI-III presentaron mayor valor en el EANr (Mdn = 2,0; IQR = 4,0 vs. Mdn = 0,0; IQR = 2,0; p = 0,04) y EANe mayores (Mdn = 4,0; IQR = 5,0 vs. Mdn = 0,0; IQR = 2,0; p = 0,03) que los individuos clasificados con PSQI-I. No fue observada ninguna diferencia con relación a la duración del dolor. El puntaje del PSQI fue positivo y con débil asociación a EANr (rs = 0,24, p=0.046) y EANe (rs = 0,27, p = 0,03), pero no con la duración del dolor. Conclusión: Los atletas jóvenes con niveles más bajos de calidad del sueño tienen niveles más elevados de dolor en reposo y durante la práctica deportiva. Por lo tanto, la calidad del sueño y el dolor deben ser considerados por los equipos técnicos y de salud en la evaluación rutinaria de atletas jóvenes. Nivel de evidencia III;Tipo de estudio: Transversal. [PT]Introdução: Demonstrou-se que existe estreita associação entre qualidade do sono e dor. Em atletas jovens, distúrbios do sono e dor têm prevalência bastante alta, no entanto, a relação entre eles não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Estudar a associação entre qualidade do sono e dor em atletas jovens. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídos 71 atletas jovens amadores (39 homens). A média de idade foi de 16,9 ± 1,2 anos, com 6,5 ± 3,2 anos de prática esportiva e 5,2 ± 1,2 horas de treinamento por semana. A qualidade do sono foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Os participantes foram classificados de acordo com a qualidade do sono, PSQI-I = sem distúrbios do sono, PSQI-II = requer atendimento médico e PSQI-III = requer atendimento médico e tratamento. Além disso, intensidade da dor foi avaliada na Escala de Avaliação Numérica em repouso (EANr) e durante a atividade esportiva (EANe), juntamente com a duração da dor. Resultados: Os indivíduos classificados como PSQI-III apresentaram maior valor no EANr (Mdn = 2,0; IQR = 4,0 vs. Mdn = 0,0; IQR = 2,0; p = 0,04) e EANe maiores (Mdn = 4,0; IQR = 5,0 vs. Mdn = 0,0; IQR = 2,0; p = 0,03) do que os indivíduos classificados com PSQI-I. Nenhuma diferença foi observada com relação à duração da dor. O escore do PSQI foi positivo e com fraca associação a EANr (rs= 0,24, p=0.046) e EANe (rs= 0,27, p = 0,03), mas não com a duração da dor. Conclusão: Atletas jovens com níveis mais baixos de qualidade do sono têm níveis mais elevados de dor em repouso e durante a prática esportiva. Portanto, a qualidade do sono e a dor devem ser consideradas pelas equipes técnicas e de saúde na avaliação rotineira de atletas jovens. Nível de evidência III; Tipo de estudo: Transversal

5-week suspension training program increase physical performance of youth judokas: a pilot study

Introduction: Judo is a high-intensity sport, characterized by a series of acyclic movements that require high technical masteryduring combat.It was previously shown that growth of components of physical function is related with an increased probabilitysuccessful competitive performance. Suspension training is effective at improving components of physical function. Objective: Therefore,the aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical performance traits of youth judokas after a 5-week suspension-trainingprogramme. Methods: Ten judokas (age, 15.4 ± 2.8 y) completed a 5-week suspension training routine into their normal trainingschedule. The difficulty and intensity of the exercises were increased each week. Before and after the intervention athletes were assessedin the single-leg horizontal jumping, Sorensen test, sit-and-reach, Y balance, prone instability and handgrip strength tests. Results:Significant improvements (p<.05; Cohen d effect size e».2) were observed in the single-leg horizontal jumping (right leg: 137 ± 23.3 vs164 ± 22.0; left leg: 131 ± 24.1 vs 169 ± 26.5 cm), Sorensen (134 ± 43.4 vs 195 ± 46.7 s), sit-and-reach (42.1 ± 8.2 vs 46.2 ± 7.5 cm),leg Y balance test (right leg: 91.3 ± 6.6 vs 101 ± 7.6%; left leg: 91.2 ± 4.8 vs 103 ± 6.6%) and arm Y balance test (right arm: 80.9 ± 9.2vs 89.3 ± 8.4; left arm: 81.4 ± 8.6 vs 90.0 ± 9.6%) Conclusions: Lower-body muscle power, muscle endurance, flexibility, lower-bodyand upper-body balance physical performance traits were improved after a 5-week training period in youth judokas that replaced a partof their regular judo training with a suspension training routine.Key words: physical fitness; judo; sports injury; unstable surface training; plyometric exercise; combat sport; martial arts, maturity.Resumen. Introducción: El judo es un deporte de alta intensidad, caracterizado por una serie de movimientos acíclicos con una altamaestría técnica durante el combate. Se ha demostrado previamente que el desarrollo de componentes de la función física se relaciona conuna mayor probabilidad de rendimiento competitivo exitoso. El entrenamiento de suspensión es efectivo en mejorar los componentes dela función física. Objetivo: Determinar los cambios en el rendimiento físico en judocas jóvenes, después de un programa de entrenamientode suspensión de 5 semanas. Método: Diez judocas (15.4 ± 2.8 años de edad) completaron un programa de entrenamiento de suspensiónde 5 semanas dentro de su programación normal de entrenamiento. La dificultad e intensidad de los ejercicios se incrementó cada semana.Antes y después de la intervención se evaluó un salto horizontal monopodal, test de Sorensen, sit and reach, Y balance test de miembrosinferiores y superiores, test de inestabilidad en prono y fuerza prensil. Resultados: Mejoras significativas (p<.05; Cohen d effect sizee».2) fueron encontradas en salto horizontal monopodal (derecha: 137 ± 23.3 vs 164 ± 22.0; izquierda: 131 ± 24.1 vs 169 ± 26.5 cm), testde Sorensen (134 ± 43.4 vs 195 ± 46.7 s), sit-and-reach (42.1 ± 8.2 vs 46.2 ± 7.5 cm), Y balance test de miembros inferiores (derecha: 91.3± 6.6 vs 101 ± 7.6%; izquierda: 91.2 ± 4.8 vs 103 ± 6.6%) and Y balance test de miembros superiores (derecho: 80.9 ± 9.2 vs 89.3 ± 8.4;izquierdo: 81.4 ± 8.6 vs 90.0 ± 9.6%). Conclusiones: La potencia de miembros inferiores, resistencia muscular, flexibilidad y balance demiembros inferiores y superiores mejoró después de un programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas en judocas jóvene

Transcutaneous vagal stimulation in knee osteoarthritis (TRAVKO): protocol of a superiority, outcome assessor- and participant-blind, randomised controlled trial

Current treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are partially effective. It is, therefore, necessary to find new strategies that can complement the existing ones. In this scenario, transcutaneous vagal stimulation (TVS) neurophysiological effects could be a helpful solution. However, there is no evidence of the efficacy of TVS in KOA. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of TVS in decreasing pain in participants aged 55 years or older with KOA. A randomised controlled, two-arm, double-blind (participants and outcome assessors) and clinical superiority trial will be conducted for 70 patients with KOA. All the participants will carry out an exercise program. It consists of 12 sessions over four weeks. In addition, they will be randomly assigned to (1) active TVS plus physical exercise or (2) sham TVS plus physical exercise. The application of active TVS consists of electronic stimulation of the auricular concha using a portable device. Sham TVS condition consists of the stimulation of the earlobe that does not cause neurophysiological effects. The primary outcome is the reduction in pain intensity. Additionally, functional capacity, physical performance, pain-related interference, pain-related distress, quality of life in older adults and global change will be measured. Assessments will be conducted at the beginning of the study (baseline), at the end of the intervention and after 1 and 3 months of follow-up. This trial will generate evidence regarding the efficacy of TVS in pain perception in individuals with KOA. This information will serve as an input in the clinical decision-making on the use or non-use of TVS in individuals with KOA. Thus, if the efficacy of TVS is confirmed, a new therapeutic tool may be included in the rehabilitation of individuals with KOAThis work is support by a FONIS project (SA191003) from National Research and Development Agency (ANID, Chile