37 research outputs found

    La fabrique des politiques publiques co-construites  : idéologie et pratiques innovantes

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    L’analyse des politiques publiques (Fischer, Miller et Sidney, 2007 ; Boussaguet, Jacquot et Ravinet, 2015) est une thématique en renouvellement notamment – mais pas uniquement- en Sciences politique ou en sciences de gestion. On trouve aussi, de l’urbanisme aux Sciences and technologies studies en passant par la sociologie, le design ou l’histoire, de nombreuses analyses sur les jeux d’acteurs, les questions d’expertise ou de mobilisation, les formes de gouvernance, les institutions. Si le c..

    Technology, Science And Society: Norms, Cultures, and Institutions Matter

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    Un non-objet pour les sciences sociales

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    The western concept of war was first influenced by a major question : is the origin of organised violence in nature or in society ? Social science development had decided the question, but few disciplines were really interested in the subject, except for those concerning international relations. For a long time a "realistic" paradigm, considered as "normal science", has dominated them. Today, mainly in the United States, complementary or alternative approaches become widespread in several directions : relativisation of occidental military operations, neo-institutionalism taking into account the growing shortage of inter-state wars, constructivism searching from the actors' logics, transnationalism and internationalism interested in politics beyond states.La pensée occidentale de la guerre a d'abord été marquée par une interrogation majeure -. l'origine de la violence organisée se trouve-t-elle dans la nature ou dans la société ? La question a été tranchée par le développement des sciences sociales mais peu de disciplines se sont réellement intéressées au sujet, sinon celle des relations internationales. Y a longtemps dominé un paradigme "réaliste" qui fait figure de "science normale". Aujourd'hui, surtout aux États-Unis, se développent, dans plusieurs directions, des approches complémentaires ou alternatives : relativisa- tion des dispositifs militaires occidentaux, néo-institutionnalisme prenant en compte la raréfaction des guerres interétatiques, constructivisme cherchant à partir des logiques des acteurs, transnationalisme et mondialisme s'intéressant à l'émergence du politique au-delà des États.Ruano-Borbalan Jean-Claude. Un non-objet pour les sciences sociales. In: Espaces Temps, 71-73, 1999. De la guerre. Un objet pour les sciences sociales, sous la direction de Jacques Lévy et Jean-Claude Ruano-Borbalan. pp. 6-20

    Doctoral education from its medieval foundations to today's globalisation and standardisation

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    International audienceThe doctorate, as a ritualised form of evaluation, has ex-isted for more than eight centuries—initially linked to Western medieval forms of knowledge production framed by religion, and to the professional training of lawyers and doctors. It nearly disappeared at the end of the modern era. Recast as a requirement for academic professions, it proceeded to play an important role in the production of new knowledge and became a key to scientific and re-search development in the 19th and 20th centuries. Since less than half a century ago, doctoral education has gone through tremendous changes due to both the globalisation and standardisation of higher education and public poli-cies designed to encourage knowledge transfers from aca-demia to society at large. Doctoral education has become a crucial part of knowledge production and the transfer of knowledge into the broader economy, but it faces huge ob-stacles that can only be understood by taking into account the history of its transformations, the anthropological role it played and still plays, and also the controversial effect of efforts to standardise knowledge production, which goes against the non-standard nature of human knowledge creation

    "Techno-sciences en société", dossier de Innovations n°52

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    "Techno-sciences en société", dossier de Innovations n°52

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