Overview of diagnosis and management of paediatric headache. Part I: diagnosis

Headache is the most common somatic complaint in children and adolescents. The evaluation should include detailed history of children and adolescents completed by detailed general and neurological examinations. Moreover, the possible role of psychological factors, life events and excessively stressful lifestyle in influencing recurrent headache need to be checked. The choice of laboratory tests rests on the differential diagnosis suggested by the history, the character and temporal pattern of the headache, and the physical and neurological examinations. Subjects who have any signs or symptoms of focal/progressive neurological disturbances should be investigated by neuroimaging techniques. The electroencephalogram and other neurophysiological examinations are of limited value in the routine evaluation of headaches. In a primary headache disorder, headache itself is the illness and headache is not attributed to any other disorder (e.g. migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias). In secondary headache disorders, headache is the symptom of identifiable structural, metabolic or other abnormality. Red flags include the first or worst headache ever in the life, recent headache onset, increasing severity or frequency, occipital location, awakening from sleep because of headache, headache occurring exclusively in the morning associated with severe vomiting and headache associated with straining. Thus, the differential diagnosis between primary and secondary headaches rests mainly on clinical criteria. A thorough evaluation of headache in children and adolescents is necessary to make the correct diagnosis and initiate treatment, bearing in mind that children with headache are more likely to experience psychosocial adversity and to grow up with an excess of both headache and other physical and psychiatric symptoms and this creates an important healthcare problem for their future life

Development of Management, Child Development Centers Organization rule Local Government in Udon thani

This research aims to study the composition and indications 1. The Child Development Centre under the local governments in UdonThani province 2. Study the current state and the desired operating child care centers under the jurisdiction of local governments in UdonThani province. 3. Develop the child development centers under the local governments in UdonThani province. The operation is divided. Phase one of the elements and indicators, the Child Development Center. By synthesis from text books related research. And evaluation by a qualified person. Phase two elements and indicators were constructed questionnaire. To study the present and desirable. Population data collection for research. A representative of the Executive Committee of the Child Development Centre under the local government of the province has analyzed data from 364 people on average. And standard deviation Phase III data results from the second phase for the index needs and prioritize the needs of formula PNI modified = (I-D) / D and synthesize data from a study the agency has procedures governing. Child development centers of excellence. The Child Development Center under the Local governments in UdonThani province. The results showed that: 1) Analysis of components and indicators, the Child Development Center. Overall the level. With an average value of 4.26 and standard deviation equal to 0.56 indicators of the elements included in the appropriate level. With an average value of 4.13 and standard deviation equal to 0.67. 2) Analysis of the current condition of the child development center. According to the respondents of the Board of Management of Child Development Centers. Researchers analyzed using mean (Mean) and standard deviation (Standard Deviation) interpretation of the criteria were at the high level. With an average of 3.89 and standard deviation equal to 0.63 unpleasant condition that the child development center. Interpretation of the criteria were at the highest level. With an average of 4.72 and standard deviation equal to 0.52 3) Analysis of the operating child development center Overall in very average (Mean) is equal to 4.43 standard deviation (Standard Deviation) is equal to 0.49 of the possibilities in a very overall average (mean) is equal to 4.45 standard deviation (standard deviation) is equal to 0.5

A Task-based e-Training Model to learn on Classroom Research for Teachers in Small Sized Primary School

This research aimed to: 1) study current conditions, problems, and needs for e-training, 2) develop a task-based e-training model, 3) study the results of implementation of the developed model, and 4) evaluate an acceptance of developed model. The research was divided into 4 stages. The first stage was a study of current conditions, problems and needs for e-training using a study of a questionnaires with 395 northeast small-sized primary school teachers. The second stage was the development of the task-based e-training model using an in-depth interview with 9 experts. The third stage was the study of results from implementation of the developed model with 20 voluntary small-sized primary school teachers using a training evaluation form and a satisfaction questionnaire. And the fourth stage was an evaluation of the developed model by 9 experts and an acceptance evaluation of the model by 9 scholars. The collected data were analyzed using a mean, a standard deviation, a percentage, and the dependent samples t-test. The majors finds revealed that 1) there were inadequate teachers for every classroom, more tasks of the teachers. They needed for training which could perform their normal or regular teaching without increasing tasks. 2) The developed model consisted of 5 components ; context and concept, e-training, support, content/task, and result. Two conditions were continuously authentic evaluation and immediate improvement when there was any deficiencies found. 3) The participated teachers using the developed model could gains in abilities in doing classroom research from at a low to a moderate level was be at a more to the most level (p<.001). Also, they showed satisfaction with and opinions about the training at the most level. And 4) the experts rated an appropriateness and an efficiency of the developed model at a more level. Furthermore, the scholars accepted the model

A Development of a Virtual Classroom Model Using Problem -Based Learning Approach for Promoting Mathematics Process Skills and Critical Thinking of Grade 5 Students

This research aimed to 1) study current conditions and needs for virtual classroom using the problem-based learning (PBL) approach for promoting mathematics process skills and critical thinking of grade 5 students ; and 2) develop and study the results of implementation of the developed model. The research was divided into 3 stages. The first stage was the study of current conditions and needs for virtual classroom using the PBL approach by collecting data from 332 grade 5 teachers responsible for teaching mathematics with the use of a questionnaire. The second stage was the development of the virtual classroom with the participation of 9 experts and using an in-depth interview form, a model evaluation form, and a virtual classroom evaluation form. And the third stage was the study of the developed model implementation with 60 grade 5 students ; who were assigned to an experimental group and a control group, each of 30 students. The research instruments included a mathematics process skills test, a critical thinking test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using a mean, a standard deviation, the paired t-test and the F-test (One-way MANCOVA and ANCOVA) The major findings were as follows: 1. The teachers showed a moderate opinions about the current conditions of an infrastructure of using computer technology and internet network and showed needs for using the computer technology and internet network at a more level. Also, they indicated their needs for the development of a virtual classroom model using the PBL approach for promoting the students’ mathematics process skills and critical thinking at a more level. 2. The developed model consisted of principle, objective, process, stage and activity, and evaluation. The virtual classroom comprised 1) learning content organization, 2) instructional process, 3) cooperative learning / communication, 4) facility/assistance, and evaluation. ; and the experts rated an appropriateness and a quality at a more to the most level. In addition, the PBL approach composed of six stages: defining the problem and related situations, understanding the problem., investigating, synthesizing knowledge or answer, making a conclusion and evaluating the answer, and presenting and evaluating. 3. The results from the model implementation showed that the effectiveness of the virtual classroom was 0.898. The experimental group students indicated gains in mathematics process skills and critical thinking in overall and in each aspect from before learning (p<.001). Also, the experimental group students evidenced more mathematics process skills in two aspects: problem-solving and communication, and critical thinking in two aspects: credibility of source and observation and deduction than did the control group students (p ≤.036). However, both groups of the students did not show differences in the mathematics process skills in overall and in two remaining aspects, and the critical thinking in overall and two remaining expects. Furthermore, the experimental group students indicated satisfactions with learning via the developed virtual classroom at a more level

A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand

We report on a discovery of Siamophryne troglodytes Gen. et sp. nov., a new troglophilous genus and species of microhylid frog from a limestone cave in the tropical forests of western Thailand. To assess its phylogenetic relationships we studied the 12S rRNA–16S rRNA mtDNA fragment with final alignment comprising up to 2,591 bp for 56 microhylid species. Morphological characterization of the new genus is based on examination of external morphology and analysis of osteological characteristics using microCT-scanning. Phylogenetic analyses place the new genus into the mainly Australasian subfamily Asterophryinae as a sister taxon to the genus Gastrophrynoides, the only member of the subfamily known from Sundaland. The new genus markedly differs from all other Asterophryinae members by a number of diagnostic morphological characters and demonstrates significant mtDNA sequence divergence. We provide a preliminary description of a tadpole of the new genus. Thus, it represents the only asterophryine taxon with documented free-living larval stage and troglophilous life style. Our work demonstrates that S. troglodytes Gen. et sp. nov. represents an old lineage of the initial radiation of Asterophryinae which took place in the mainland Southeast Asia. Our results strongly support the “out of Indo-Eurasia” biogeographic scenario for this group of frogs. To date, the new frog is only known from a single limestone cave system in Sai Yok District of Kanchanaburi Province of Thailand; its habitat is affected by illegal bat guano mining and other human activities. As such, S. troglodytes Gen. et sp. nov. is likely to be at high risk of habitat loss. Considering high ecological specialization and a small known range of the new taxon, we propose a IUCN Red List status of endangered for it

Semi-quantitative exposure assessment of occupational exposure to wood dust and nasopharyngeal cancer risk

Occupational exposure to wood dust is one cause of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC); however, assessing this exposure remains problematic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative exposure assessment method and then utilize it to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to wood dust and the development of NPC. In addition, variations in risk by histology were examined. A case-control study was conducted with 327 newly diagnosed cases of NPC at the National Cancer Institute and regional cancer centers in Thailand with 1:1 controls matched for age, gender and geographical residence. Occupational information was obtained through personal interviews. The potential probability, frequency and intensity of exposure to wood dust were assessed on a job-by-job basis by experienced experts. Analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression and presented in odds ratio (ORs) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, a non significant relationship between occupational wood dust exposure and NPC risk for all subjects was observed (ORs=1.61, 95%CI 0.99-2.59); however, the risk became significant when analyses focused on types 2 and 3 of NPC (ORs = 1.62, 95%CI 1.03-2.74). The significant association was stronger for those exposed to wood dust for > 10 year (ORs=2.26, 95%CI 1.10-4.63), for those with first-time exposure at age > 25 year (ORs= 2.07, 95%CI 1.08-3.94), and for those who had a high cumulative exposure (ORs=2.17, 95%CI 1.03-4.58) when compared with those considered unexposed. In conclusion, wood dust is likely to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 or 3 NPC in the Thai population. The results of this study show that semi-quantitative exposure assessment is suitable for occupational exposure assessment in a case control study and complements the information from self-reporting

Semi-Quantitative Exposure Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Wood Dust and Nasopharyngeal Cancer Risk

Occupational exposure to wood dust is one cause of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC); however, assessing this exposure remains problematic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative exposure assessment method and then utilize it to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to wood dust and the development of NPC. In addition, variations in risk by histology were examined. A case-control study was conducted with 327 newly diagnosed cases of NPC at the National Cancer Institute and regional cancer centers in Thailand with 1:1 controls matched for age, gender and geographical residence. Occupational information was obtained through personal interviews. The potential probability, frequency and intensity of exposure to wood dust were assessed on a job-by-job basis by experienced experts. Analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression and presented in odds ratio (ORs) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, a non significant relationship between occupational wood dust exposure and NPC risk for all subjects was observed (ORs=1.61, 95%CI 0.99-2.59); however, the risk became significant when analyses focused on types 2 and 3 of NPC (ORs = 1.62, 95%CI 1.03-2.74). The significant association was stronger for those exposed to wood dust for > 10 year (ORs=2.26, 95%CI 1.10-4.63), for those with first-time exposure at age > 25 year (ORs= 2.07, 95%CI 1.08-3.94), and for those who had a high cumulative exposure (ORs=2.17, 95%CI 1.03-4.58) when compared with those considered unexposed. In conclusion, wood dust is likely to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 or 3 NPC in the Thai population. The results of this study show that semi-quantitative exposure assessment is suitable for occupational exposure assessment in a case control study and complements the information from self-reporting