9 research outputs found
A Study of Time and Labour Use on Irish Suckler Beef Farms
End of project reportLabour is one of the four factors of production and an increasingly costly and scarce input on farms. The attractiveness of non-farming employment, the nature of farm work and the price received for farm outputs are resulting in falling levels of hired and family labour
A Study of Time and Labour Use on Irish Suckler Beef Farms
End of project reportLabour is one of the four factors of production and an increasingly costly and scarce input on farms. The attractiveness of non-farming employment, the nature of farm work and the price received for farm outputs are resulting in falling levels of hired and family labour
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PR - An Initial Study Of The Use Made By Suckler Beef Farmers Of Agricultural Contractors In The Republic Of Ireland
Research work on agricultural contractors appears not to have kept pace with other research areas within the field of farm management. Contracting relieves farmers of the burdens associated with direct employment and with short seasonal tasks. Contractors offer farmers flexibility with specialized skills, knowledge and equipment. Time sheet data were collected from 115 spring calving suckler beef farms (75% full time, 25% part-time) over a 12 month period. Agricultural contractors were used by 97% of respondents for an average of 6.7 tasks per farm per annum on a very wide range of tasks. Seasonality of contractor use provided peaks in June-July and in September. Common services were forage conservation fertilizer and slurry spreading, feeding cleaning and harvesting for those with other enterprises. Contractors provided labour-only services or a full range of mechanistic and management services to farmers. Labour-only contractors were frequently farmers themselves or were sourced from corporate organizations
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Applications of Commercial Oxygen to Water and Wastewater Systems
Center for Water and the Environmen
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When the native is also a non-native: “retrodicting” the complexity of language teacher cognition
Abstract: The impact of native (NS) and non-native speaker (NNS) identities
on second or foreign language teachers’ cognition and practices in the classroom
has mainly been investigated in ESL/EFL contexts. Using complexity
theory as a framework, this case study attempts to fill the gap in the literature
by presenting a foreign language teacher in the United States who teaches
French as a NS and German as a NNS teacher at the college level. Specifically,
the study explores the interface between NS/NNS identities, teacher cognition,
practice, and professional identity. The retrodictive qualitative analysis
of semi-structured interviews and classroom observations reveals that the participant
teacher’s NS French and NNS German identities influenced her
teacher cognition, specifically in beliefs about teaching grammar. In addition,
previous language learning experiences affect current decision-making processes
in teaching. In terms of teaching practice, the dual NS French and NNS
German identity affects teaching practice in the formal areas of language, target
culture knowledge and awareness, teaching style, and perceptions about
language varieties. Professional identity is construed here as being the mediator
of target second language (L2) cultures in the classroom. The implications
of teacher cognition as a complex system for L2 teaching and teacher education
are discussed