How University Departmens respond to the Rise of Academic Entrepreneurship? The Pasteur's Quadrant Explanation

This paper examines how universities can develop a new organizational structure to cope with the rise of academic entrepreneurship. By deploying the Pasteurian quadrant framework, knowledge creation and knowledge utilization in universities are measured. The relationships between university antecedents, Pasteurian orientation, and research performance are analyzed. A survey of university administrators and faculty members collected 634 responses from faculty members in 99 departments among 6 universities. The findings indicate that university antecedents of strategic flexibility and balancing commitment contribute to a greater Pasteurian orientation in university departments. The higher degree of Pasteurian orientation has significantly positive impacts on the performance both of knowledge creation and knowledge utilization. Moreover, the Pasteurian orientation acts as a mediator between university antecedents and research performance. Using cluster analysis, the departments are categorized into four groups. The differences between university- and department- factors in these four groups are examined and discussed. We conclude that not all university departments should move toward the Pasteurian group, and there are specific organizational and disciplinary factors resulting in mobility barriers among groups. Policies to encourage academic entrepreneurship should consider these mobility barriers, along with this new governance of science.Academic entrepreneurship, Pasteur’s quadrant, research excellence, research commercialization

Molecular Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells With Multiple mRNA Markers by Genechip for Colorectal Cancer Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction

Early detection is the hallmark of successful cancer treatment. Evidence is accumulating that primary cancers begin shedding neoplastic cells into the circulation at an early stage. To date, many different methodologies have been used for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with variable sensitivity and specificity. In many studies, including patients with different clinical stages of colorectal cancer, the detection of CTCs in early and/or metastatic colorectal cancer has been shown to correlate with unfavorable clinical outcome. However, a high-sensitivity and high-throughput method for the detection of CTCs is currently lacking. Here, we introduce a high-sensitivity genechip analysis method from a colorimetric membrane array to a weighted enzymatic chip array in order to detect the CTC-related multiple mRNA markers derived from colorectal cancer patients as a convenient and practical tool for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction

3-Isobutyl 5-methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitro­phen­yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate

The title nitro­phenyl pyridine compound, C20H22N2O6 was synthesized as a degradation product of the hypertension medication nisoldipine. The dihedral angle between the nitro-substituted phenyl ring and the pyridine ring is 75.5 (4)°. There are a number of C—H⋯O inter­actions between symmetry-related mol­ecules>

Knee Movement Characteristics of Basketball Players in Landing Tasks Before Onset of Patellar Tendinopathy: A Prospective Study

Background Patellar tendinopathy is one of the most common injuries for basketball players. Jumping and landing movement patterns are potential risk factors for patellar tendinopathy. Hypothesis Male college basketball players who developed patellar tendinopathy would demonstrate greater peak vertical ground reaction force and knee flexion angular velocity, and smaller knee flexion range of motion and knee flexion angles at initial contact compared to players who did not develop the injury when performing a stop-jump task within a year prior to the onset of the injury. Study Design Prospective study. Methods Freshmen college basketball male players (n = 181) were recruited for three consecutive years and followed to the end of the third year of the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data during a stop-jump task were collected for all participants at the beginning of each school year. Peak vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground, range of motion for knee flexion and maximal knee flexion angular velocity during the landing phases of the stop-jump task were collected and calculated. Development of patellar tendinopathy was monitored in follow-up. Independent t-tests and Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were used to compare movement patterns between injury and no injury groups for each school year. Results A total of 60 knees developed patellar tendinopathy. The injury groups had a significantly greater peak vertical ground reaction force in freshmen and junior years (P = 0.020, ES = 0.13; P = 0.046, ES = 0.17), smaller knee flexion ROM in freshmen year (P = 0.002, ES = 0.10), and greater maximum knee flexion angular velocity in freshmen and junior year (P = 0.012, ES = 0.10; P = 0.001, ES = 0.35) during the horizontal landing phase before the takeoff of the jump compared to the no injury groups. The injury groups also had a significantly smaller knee flexion angle at initial contact during vertical landing phase after the takeoff of the jump in freshmen and junior years (P = 0.001, ES = 0.36; P = 0.001; ES = 0.37) during vertical landing phase. Conclusion Peak vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion angle at initial foot contact, knee flexion range of motion, and maximum knee flexion angular velocity are associated with patellar tendinopathy among male college basketball players in different school years