17 research outputs found
Site conditions and agrotechnics versus the reproduction coefficient Preface
ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ:
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Ρ - ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ;
Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ - ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅;
ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ - ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ 100 Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ) ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅, Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ;
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Π² - Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 40 Ρ/rΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅) ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ (Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²) ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅.
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π².The task of agrotechnics in the production of seed potatoes consists in reaching the maximum reproduction coefficient by intentionally used relationships between the size of maternal tubers, number of haulms, planting density on the one hand and tuberization and growth of offspring tubers on the other as well as in making use of remaining agrotechnical factors in connection with soil and moisture conditions. A very important element of maximization of the reproduction coef ficient is also making use of genetic traits of particular varieties. The effect of some factors on the yield of seed potatoes from the area unit is as follows:
the size of maternal tuber: along with the growth of the seed potato size increases the number of haulms and tubers in a plant, the mean weight of the offspring tuber and the share of seed potatoes in the yield;
the planting density in a row: along with an increase of spacing between plants decreases the total yield form the area unit, increases the yield of one plant and mean weight of maternal tuber and decreases the share of seed potatoes in the yield;
harvest time: along with the growing season advance (beginning form the 100th day after planting) increases the total yield, decreases the share of seed potatoes in the yield, whereas the yield of seed potatoes in most varieties maintains at an approximate level or slightly increases;
the level of the obtained yields: relationship between the total yield and the share of seed potatoes is of a parabolic character: at low and high yields (about 40 t/ha or more) decreases their percentual share in the yield, but decreases or in some varieties maintains at the same level the seed potato yield.
The role of agrotechnics in formation of the seed potato yield from the area unit consists thus in the maximization of two elements: the total yield and the share of the seed potato fraction in the yield
Planting time effect on the production of seed potatoes in the yield of potatoes cultivated under different soil and climate conditions
Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 1971-1980 Π³Π³. Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ (Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ) Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ 1563 ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ (Ρ 19 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 30 ΠΌΠ°Ρ) Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 17 ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 30 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
(Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π’ΡΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ). ΠΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
(Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ) Π² Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ» Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
(ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ) Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π TV-ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ (30 ΠΌΠ°Ρ) Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅.The effect of planting date (from April 19 to May 30) ori the yield, size of tubers in the yield and production of seed potatoes in 17 varieties cultivated on different soils under different moisture conditions was investigated in the period 1971-1980 in 1563 simple experiments (with one variety). It has been proved that the planting date exerted a weaker effect on formation of the reproduction coefficient than the moisture and soil conditions. The reproduction coefficient on light soils under conditions of limited or excessive rainfalls was higher. Significant decrease occurred only in case of planting potatoes on May 30. Such a relationship occurred on either soil (light and heavy loamy sand). It can be modified by moisture conditions. On lighter soils (light loamy sand) at the planting date in April the highest reproduction coefficient was obtained at limited and excessive rainfalls. At later dates of plantting the reproduction coefficient growth was observed only under moist conditions. On heavier soils (heavy loamy sand) at the planting date in mid May the reproduction coefficient decreased along with the rainfall sum increase. At the 4th planting date (May 30) it was low under any moisture conditions. A significant differentiation of varieties with regard to reaction to the planting density expressing itself in a growth of the share of smaller tubers in the yield and in the drop of the share of bigger tubers in the yield has been found. In varieties reacting to the planting date with less comminution of tubers, a negative effect of late planting dates in the reproduction coefficient was stronger
Effect of an inappropriate grading of seed potatoes on the total yield and production of the fraction of tubers of 35-55 mm in diameter
Π 1973-1976 Π³Π³. Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
(Π―Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π©Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ 7 ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° l/Π ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
- Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° 15 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Ρ- ΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 55 ΠΌΠΌ. Π£ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 12%.Six experiments on the importance of an appropriate grading of seed potatoes in the potato cultivation were carried out in 1973-1976 at two Experiment Stations: Jadwisin of the Warsaw district and Barzkowice of the Szczecin-district. It has been found that an appropriate fractionation of seed potatoes and adaptation of the planting density to the size of tubers allows to decrease by 1/3 of the field area designed for potato cultivation and to increase by the same value the cereal cultivation area. The production of grain units in either case maintained at an approximate level, whereas the final labour expenditures decreased by 15 days per 1 ha. A faulty grading of seed potatoes led to a decrease of share of the seed potato fraction and to an increase of the share of tubers of over 55 mm in dia. In the NoteΔ variety it was by 12%, respectively
Irrigation effect on the production of seed potatoes harvested from the area unit
Π 1973-1980 Π³Π³. ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ 17 ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π―Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° 20 ΠΈ 40 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 50% ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²: Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Ρ.Π΅. ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Ρ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 40 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ 20 ΠΌΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 35-45 ΠΌΠΌ, Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 45-55 ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ Π² Ρ/Π³Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° βΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ" Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 20 ΠΌΠΌ.Several three-year cycles of experiments with the total number of 17 potato varieties were carried out in the period 1973-1980. The investigations were conducted on an experimental field of the Institute of Meteorology and Management at Borowa GΓ³ra and at the Experiment Station Jadwisin. Irrigation with the water rate of 20 and 40 mm was applied when the soil moisture level dropped below 50% of field water capacity. The classification of results was based on the irrigation effect on the total yield level. Two groups of varieties were distinguished, viz.: with higher water requirements, i.e. in which an increase of water rate from 20 up to 40 mm caused a significant growth of the yield of tubers, and with lower requirements. In the latter group the highest yield was obtained at application of the water rate of 20 mm. It has been found that the irrigation led to a decrease of the fraction of seed potatoes of 35-45 mm in dia in the yield and to an increase of the fraction of tubers of 45-55 mm in dia. Despite changes in the structure of seed potatoes, the yield form hectare and the reproduction coefficient were proportional to the total yield. The highest yield of seed potatoes and the highest reproduction coefficient were obtained in the treatment ensuring the highest total yield. In case of a lack of an exact information concerning water requirements of the given variety cultivated, the βsafe" single water rate in irrigation should amount to 20 mm