15 research outputs found
Radial drift in warped protoplanetary disks
The meter-size barrier in protoplanetary disks is a major challenge in planet
formation, for which many solutions were suggested. One of the leading
solutions is dust traps, that halt or slow the inward migration of dust
particles. The source and profile of these traps are still not completely
known. Warped disks are ubiquitous among accretion disks in general and
protoplanetary disks in particular, and the warping could lead naturally to the
formation of dust traps. Dust traps in warped disks could rise not only from
pressure gradients, but also due to different precession rates between gas and
dust. Here we derive analytically the radial drift in warped disks, and
demonstrate derivation for some specific conditions. The radial drift in warped
protoplanetary disks is qualitatively different, and depending on the structure
of the disk, dust traps could form due to the warping. Similar processes could
lead to the formation of traps also in other accretion disks such as AGN disks
Born to be wide: the distribution of wide binaries in the field and soft binaries in clusters
Most stars, binaries, and higher multiplicity systems are thought to form in
stellar clusters and associations, which later dissociate. Very wide binaries
can be easily disrupted in clusters due to dynamical evaporation (soft
binaries) and/or due to tidal disruption by the gravitational potential of the
cluster. Nevertheless, wide binaries are quite frequent in the field, where
they can sometimes play a key role in the formation of compact binaries, and
serve as tools to study key physical processes. Here we use analytic tools to
study the dynamical formation of soft binaries in clusters, and their survival
as field binaries following cluster dispersion. We derive the expected
properties of very wide binaries both in clusters and in the field. We
analytically derive their detailed distributions, including wide-binary
fraction as a function of mass in different cluster environments, binaries mass
functions and mass ratios, and the distribution of their orbital properties. We
show that our calculations agree well on most aspects with the results of
N-body simulations, but show some different binary-fraction dependence on the
cluster mass. We find that the overall fraction of wide binaries scales as
where is the size of the cluster, even for
non-equal mass stars. More massive stars are more likely to capture wide
companions, with most stars above five solar mass likely to capture at least
one stellar companion, and triples formation is found to be frequent.Comment: Comments are welcom
Inflated Eccentric Migration of evolving gas giants II: Numerical methodology and basic concepts
Hot and Warm Jupiters (HJs&WJs) are gas-giant planets orbiting their host
stars at short orbital periods, posing a challenge to their efficient in-situ
formation. Therefore, most of the HJs&WJs are thought to have migrated from an
initially farther-out birth locations. Current migration models, i.e
disc-migration (gas-dissipation driven) and eccentric-migration (tidal
evolution driven), fail to produce the occurrence rate and orbital properties
of HJs&WJs. Here we study the role of the thermal evolution and its coupling to
tidal evolution. We use the AMUSE, numerical environment, and MESA, planetary
evolution modeling, to model in detail the coupled internal and orbital
evolution of gas-giants during their eccentric-migration. In a companion paper,
we use a simple semi-analytic model, validated by our numerical model, and run
a population-synthesis study. We consider the initially inflated radii of
gas-giants (expected following their formation), as well study the effects of
the potential slowed contraction and even re-inflation of gas-giants (due to
tidal and radiative heating) on the eccentric-migration. Tidal forces that
drive eccentric-migration are highly sensitive to the planetary structure and
radius. Consequently, we find that this form of inflated eccentric-migration
operates on significantly (up to an order of magnitude) shorter timescales than
previously studied eccentric-migration models. Thereby, inflated
eccentric-migration gives rise to more rapid formation of HJs&WJs, higher
occurrence rates of WJs, and higher rates of tidal disruptions, compared with
previous eccentric migration models which consider constant ~Jupiter radii for
HJ&WJ progenitors. Coupled thermal-dynamical evolution of eccentric gas-giants
can therefore play a key-role in their evolution.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Inflated Eccentric Migration of Evolving Gas-Giants I: Accelerated Formation and Destruction of Hot and Warm Jupiters
Hot and warm Jupiters (HJs and WJs correspondingly) are gas-giants orbiting
their host stars at very short orbital periods ( days;
days). HJs and a significant fraction of WJs are thought to
have migrated from an initially farther-out birth locations. While such
migration processes have been extensively studied, the thermal evolution of
gas-giants and its coupling to the the migration processes are usually
overlooked. In particular, gas-giants end their core-accretion phase with large
radii and then contract slowly to their final radii. Moreover, intensive
heating can slow the contraction at various evolutionary stages. The initial
inflated large radii lead to faster tidal migration due to the strong
dependence of tides on the radius. Here we explore this accelerated migration
channel, which we term inflated eccentric migration, using a semi-analytical
self-consistent modeling of the thermal-dynamical evolution of the migrating
gas-giants, later validated by our numerical model (see a companion paper,
paper II). We demonstrate our model for specific examples and carry a
population synthesis study. Our results provide a general picture of the
properties of the formed HJs\&WJs via inflated migration, and the dependence on
the initial parameters/distributions. We show that tidal migration of
gas-giants could occur far more rapidly then previously thought and lead to
accelerated destruction and formation of HJs and enhanced formation rate of
WJs. Accounting for the coupled thermal-dynamical evolution is therefore
critical to the understanding of HJs/WJs formation, evolution and final
properties of the population and play a key role in their migration process.Comment: Accepted to AP
Evidence for Extended Hydrogen-Poor CSM in the Three-Peaked Light Curve of Stripped Envelope Ib Supernova
We present multi-band ATLAS photometry for SN 2019tsf, a stripped-envelope
Type Ib supernova (SESN). The SN shows a triple-peaked light curve and a late
(re-)brightening, making it unique among stripped-envelope systems. The
re-brightening observations represent the latest photometric measurements of a
multi-peaked Type Ib SN to date. As late-time photometry and spectroscopy
suggest no hydrogen, the potential circumstellar material (CSM) must be H-poor.
Moreover, late (>150 days) spectra show no signs of narrow emission lines,
further disfavouring CSM interaction. On the contrary, an extended CSM
structure is seen through a follow-up radio campaign with Karl G. Jansky Very
Large Array (VLA), indicating a source of bright optically thick radio emission
at late times, which is highly unusual among H-poor SESNe. We attribute this
phenomenology to an interaction of the supernova ejecta with
spherically-asymmetric CSM, potentially disk-like, and we present several
models that can potentially explain the origin of this rare Type Ib supernova.
The warped disc model paints a novel picture, where the tertiary companion
perturbs the progenitors CSM, that can explain the multi-peaked light curves of
SNe, and here we apply it to SN 2019tsf. This SN 2019tsf is likely a member of
a new sub-class of Type Ib SNe and among the recently discovered class of SNe
that undergo mass transfer at the moment of explosionComment: 23 pages, Comments are welcome, Submitted to Ap