173 research outputs found
Effects of nuclear structure on average angular momentum in subbarrier fusion
We investigate the effects of nuclear quadrupole and hexadecapole couplings
on the average angular momentum in sub-barrier fusion reactions. This quantity
could provide a probe for nuclear shapes, distinguishing between prolate vs.
oblate quadrupole and positive vs. negative hexadecapole couplings. We describe
the data in the O + Sm system and discuss heavier systems where shape effects
become more pronounced.Comment: Latex (uses the epsf macro), 10 pages of text, 3 postscript figures
included. Full postscript version available by anonymous ftp from
wisnuf.physics.wisc.edu:/pub/preprints. MAD-NT-94-0
Barrier Distributions as a Tool to Investigate Fusion and Fission
The recent availability of precisely measured fusion cross-sections has
enabled the extraction of a representation of the distribution of barriers
encountered during fusion. These representations, obtained from a variety of
reactions, provide a direct observation of how the structure of the fusing
nuclei changes the inter-nuclear potential landscape, thus affecting the fusion
probability. Recent experiments showing the effects of static quadrupole and
hexadecapole deformation, single-- and double-phonon states, transfer of
nucleons between two nuclei, and high lying excited states are reviewed. The
application of these concepts to the explanation of the anomalous
fission-fragment anisotropies observed following reactions with actinides is
discussed.Comment: 12 pages, To be published in the Proceedings of the NN 97 Conference,
Gatlinburg, Tennessee, June 1997 (Nucl. Phys. A
Applicability of the orientation average formula in heavy-ion fusion reactions of deformed nuclei
In heavy-ion fusion reactions involving a well deformed nucleus, one often
assumes that the orientation of the target nucleus does not change during the
reaction. We discuss the accuracy of this procedure by analyzing the excitation
function of the fusion cross section and the fusion barrier distribution in the
reactions of Sm target with various projectiles ranging from C
to Ar. It is shown that the approximation gradually looses its accuracy
with increasing charge product of the projectile and target nuclei because of
the effects of finite excitation energy of the target nucleus. The relevance of
such inaccuracy in analyzing the experimental data is also discussed.Comment: 5 pages and 3 figure
Relations between fusion cross sections and average angular momenta
We study the relations between moments of fusion cross sections and averages
of angular momentum. The role of the centrifugal barrier and the target
deformation in determining the effective barrier radius are clarified. A simple
method for extracting average angular momentum from fusion cross sections is
demonstrated using numerical examples as well as actual data.Comment: 16 REVTeX pages plus 8 included Postscript figures (uses the epsf
macro); submitted to Phys. Rev. C; also available at
http://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/preprint
Cumulative Lactation and Onset of Hypertension in African-American Women
Hypertension affects nearly 1 of 3 women and contributes to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Breastfeeding leads to metabolic changes that could reduce risks of hypertension. Hypertension disproportionately affects black women, but rates of breastfeeding among black women lag behind those in the general population. In the BlackWomen'sHealthStudy (n = 59,001), we conducted a nested case-control analysis using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between breastfeeding and incident hypertension at ages 40-65 years using data collected from 1995 to 2011. Controls were frequency-matched 2:1 to 12,513 hypertensive women by age and questionnaire cycle. Overall, there was little evidence of association between ever breastfeeding and incident hypertension (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.92, 1.02). However, age modified the relationship (P = 0.02): Breastfeedingwas associated with reduced risk of hypertension at ages 40-49 years (odds ratio = 0.92, 95%confidence interval: 0.85, 0.99) but not at older ages. In addition, risk of hypertension at ages 40-49 years decreased with increasing duration of breastfeeding (P for trend = 0.08). Our results suggest that long-duration breastfeeding may reduce the risk of incident hypertension in middle age. Addressing breastfeeding as a potential preventative health behavior is particularly compelling because it is required for only a discrete period of time
Recent experimental results in sub- and near-barrier heavy ion fusion reactions
Recent advances obtained in the field of near and sub-barrier heavy-ion
fusion reactions are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the results obtained in the
last decade, and focus will be mainly on the experimental work performed
concerning the influence of transfer channels on fusion cross sections and the
hindrance phenomenon far below the barrier. Indeed, early data of sub-barrier
fusion taught us that cross sections may strongly depend on the low-energy
collective modes of the colliding nuclei, and, possibly, on couplings to
transfer channels. The coupled-channels (CC) model has been quite successful in
the interpretation of the experimental evidences. Fusion barrier distributions
often yield the fingerprint of the relevant coupled channels. Recent results
obtained by using radioactive beams are reported. At deep sub-barrier energies,
the slope of the excitation function in a semi-logarithmic plot keeps
increasing in many cases and standard CC calculations over-predict the cross
sections. This was named a hindrance phenomenon, and its physical origin is
still a matter of debate. Recent theoretical developments suggest that this
effect, at least partially, may be a consequence of the Pauli exclusion
principle. The hindrance may have far-reaching consequences in astrophysics
where fusion of light systems determines stellar evolution during the carbon
and oxygen burning stages, and yields important information for exotic
reactions that take place in the inner crust of accreting neutron stars.Comment: 40 pages, 63 figures, review paper accepted for EPJ
Materiality, health informatics and the limits of knowledge production
© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2014 Contemporary societies increasingly rely on complex and sophisticated information systems for a wide variety of tasks and, ultimately, knowledge about the world in which we live. Those systems are central to the kinds of problems our systems and sub-systems face such as health and medical diagnosis, treatment and care. While health information systems represent a continuously expanding field of knowledge production, we suggest that they carry forward significant limitations, particularly in their claims to represent human beings as living creatures and in their capacity to critically reflect on the social, cultural and political origins of many forms of data ârepresentationâ. In this paper we take these ideas and explore them in relation to the way we see healthcare information systems currently functioning. We offer some examples from our own experience in healthcare settings to illustrate how unexamined ideas about individuals, groups and social categories of people continue to influence health information systems and practices as well as their resulting knowledge production. We suggest some ideas for better understanding how and why this still happens and look to a future where the reflexivity of healthcare administration, the healthcare professions and the information sciences might better engage with these issues. There is no denying the role of health informatics in contemporary healthcare systems but their capacity to represent people in those datascapes has a long way to go if the categories they use to describe and analyse human beings are to produce meaningful knowledge about the social world and not simply to replicate past ideologies of those same categories
The New Look pMSSM with Neutralino and Gravitino LSPs
The pMSSM provides a broad perspective on SUSY phenomenology. In this paper
we generate two new, very large, sets of pMSSM models with sparticle masses
extending up to 4 TeV, where the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is
either a neutralino or gravitino. The existence of a gravitino LSP necessitates
a detailed study of its cosmological effects and we find that Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis places strong constraints on this scenario. Both sets are
subjected to a global set of theoretical, observational and experimental
constraints resulting in a sample of \sim 225k viable models for each LSP type.
The characteristics of these two model sets are briefly compared. We confront
the neutralino LSP model set with searches for SUSY at the 7 TeV LHC using both
the missing (MET) and non-missing ET ATLAS analyses. In the MET case, we employ
Monte Carlo estimates of the ratios of the SM backgrounds at 7 and 8 TeV to
rescale the 7 TeV data-driven ATLAS backgrounds to 8 TeV. This allows us to
determine the pMSSM parameter space coverage for this collision energy. We find
that an integrated luminosity of \sim 5-20 fb^{-1} at 8 TeV would yield a
substantial increase in this coverage compared to that at 7 TeV and can probe
roughly half of the model set. If the pMSSM is not discovered during the 8 TeV
run, then our model set will be essentially void of gluinos and lightest first
and second generation squarks that are \lesssim 700-800 GeV, which is much less
than the analogous mSUGRA bound. Finally, we demonstrate that non-MET SUSY
searches continue to play an important role in exploring the pMSSM parameter
space. These two pMSSM model sets can be used as the basis for investigations
for years to come.Comment: 54 pages, 22 figures; typos fixed, references adde
Special Libraries, April 1933
Volume 24, Issue 3https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1933/1002/thumbnail.jp
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a second generation water Cherenkov
detector designed to determine whether the currently observed solar neutrino
deficit is a result of neutrino oscillations. The detector is unique in its use
of D2O as a detection medium, permitting it to make a solar model-independent
test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis by comparison of the charged- and
neutral-current interaction rates. In this paper the physical properties,
construction, and preliminary operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are
described. Data and predicted operating parameters are provided whenever
possible.Comment: 58 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth. Uses elsart and
epsf style files. For additional information about SNO see
http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca . This version has some new reference
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