Notes on nomenclature in Xylotrupes Hope (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Dynastini)

A list of taxa belonging to Xylotrupes Hope (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Dynastini) is presented which incorporates several taxonomic actions: X. australicus darwinia Rowland comb. nov.; X. damarensis Rowland stat. nov.; X. lorquini zideki Rowland comb. nov.; X. macleayi szekessyi Endrödi comb. nov.; X. pachycera Rowland stat. nov.; X. philippinensis philippinensis Endrödi stat. nov.; X. philippinensis peregrinus Rowland comb. nov.; X. sumatrensis tanahmelayu Rowland comb. nov.; X. tadoana Rowland stat. nov.; X. telemachos Rowland stat. nov.; X. wiltrudae Silvestre stat. nov. Two new taxa are described: X. carinulus sp. nov. and X. clinias buru ssp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for X. lamachus Minck and X. clinias Schaufuss. Xylotrupes lamachus is found to be a junior subjective synonym of X. ulysses (Guérin-Méneville), new synonymy

Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Vessels from the Wright Plantation (41RR7) and Rowland Clark (41RR77) Sites in the Harris Collection at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

The collection of R. King Harris at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) at the Smithsonian Institution has ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels from the Wright Plantation (41RR7) and Rowland Clark (41RR77) sites along the Red River in East Texas. Other than the site provenience and the burial number of two of the vessels at the Rowland Clark site, there is no more detailed documentation available on when or where within the sites that Harris obtained the ceramic vessels. Nevertheless, it is important as part of the broader study of the history of Caddo ceramic vessel forms and decorative motifs to put these vessels on record

Widening the Nexus: From T-R to T-T-R

Higher education institutions are operating with scarce resources in a complex environment, and subject to various, often competing or changing demands. The integration of teaching, research and third stream activities within a coherent academic framework provides an opportunity to manage and exploit the positive relationships between these activities. This approach may also help to ease some of the tensions and 'fault lines' that currently beset academic life

Discussion summary: Fictitious domain methods

Fictitious Domain methods are constructed in the following manner: Suppose a partial differential equation is to be solved on an open bounded set, Omega, in 2-D or 3-D. Let R be a rectangle domain containing the closure of Omega. The partial differential equation is first solved on R. Using the solution on R, the solution of the equation on Omega is then recovered by some procedure. The advantage of the fictitious domain method is that in many cases the solution of a partial differential equation on a rectangular region is easier to compute than on a nonrectangular region. Fictitious domain methods for solving elliptic PDEs on general regions are also very efficient when used on a parallel computer. The reason is that one can use the many domain decomposition methods that are available for solving the PDE on the fictitious rectangular region. The discussion on fictitious domain methods began with a talk by R. Glowinski in which he gave some examples of a variational approach to ficititious domain methods for solving the Helmholtz and Navier-Stokes equations

Literature and the shaman: Jung, trauma stories and new origin stories in The Lion, the witch and the wardrobe by C.S. Lewis

The paper first considers the role of Jungian ideas in relation to academic disciplines and to literary studies in particular. Jung is a significant resource in negotiating developments in literary theory because of his characteristic treatment of the ‘other’. The paper then looks at The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) by C.S. Lewis whose own construction of archetypes is very close to Jung’s. By drawing upon new post-Jungian work from Jerome Bernstein’s Living in the Borderland (2005), the novel is revealed to be intimately concerned with narratives of trauma and of origin. Indeed, a Jungian and post-Jungian approach is able to situate the text both within nature and in the historical traumas of war as well as the personal traumas of subjectivity. Where Bernstein connects his work to the postcolonial ethos of the modern Navajo shaman, this new weaving of literary and cultural theory points to the residue of shamanism within the arts of the West. [From the Publisher

Report : Mr. Fitch

On the Case of the Administrators of R. Rowland. 14 Apr. SR 188, 35-1, v2, 2p. [939] Land.purchased under the Creek treaty of 24 May 1832; Alabama

Does Turkish child-directed speech predict the acquisition order of wh-questions?

Does Turkish child-directed speech predict the acquisition order of wh-questions? The very early studies about children’s acquisition of questions have provided a cognition-based rationale. They claimed that “why” and “when” are acquired later than “what” and “where” because of their cognitive constraints (Bloom et al. 1982) However; in the follow-up studies, it is found that as well as cognitive perspective, there are two other explanations. One of these is the syntactic function of the wh-word, whereas the other is about the semantic generality of the main verb (Bloom et al. 1982). This point of view has highlighted the role of complexity on children’s acquisition of question. According to this; “what” and “where” are firstly acquired through the copula. Secondly, they are used with semantically general verbs. Then, wh-sententials along with descriptive verbs are used. However, this account based on that order has been challenged by Clancy’s explanation (1989). It is claimed that frequency of wh-word and verbs in child-directed speech can be a significant factor on acquisition of question (Rowland et al. 2003). In a longitudinal study with 12 English children and their mothers, it was found that input frequency of wh-questions and verb combinations was a powerful predictor when compared to linguistic complexity (Rowland et al. 2003). In the light of these discussions, the study aims at investigating Turkish child-directed speech in terms of its role on children’s acquisition of questions and at evaluating the role of cognitive/linguistic complexity account on acquisition of questions. This research was based on the naturalistic data of 9 one- to three-year old children and their mothers. References Bloom, L., Merkin, S. & Wootten, J. (1982). Wh-questions: linguistic factors that contribute to the sequence of acquisition. Child Development, 53, 1084-1092. Clancy, P. (1989). Form and function in the acquisition of Korean wh-questions. Journal of Child Language, 16, 323-347. Rowland, C., & Pine, J. (2000). Subject-auxiliary inversion errors and wh- question acquisition: what children do know? Journal of Child Language, 27, 157-181. Rowland, C., Pine, J. Lieven, E. Theakston, A. (2003). Determinants of acquisition order in wh- questions: re-evaluating the role of caregiver speech. Journal of Child Language, 30, 609-63

Implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and longlasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention.

Bio-efficacy and residual activity of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) were assessed against laboratory-reared and wild populations of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in south eastern Tanzania. Implications of the findings are examined in the context of potential synergies and redundancies where IRS and LLINs are combined. METHODS: Bioassays were conducted monthly for six months on three LLIN types (Olyset(R) PermaNet 2.0(R),and Icon Life(R)) and three IRS treatments (2 g/m2 pirimiphos-methyl, 2 g/m2 DDT and 0.03 g/m2 lambda-cyhalothrin, sprayed on mud walls and palm ceilings of experimental huts). Tests used susceptible laboratory-reared An. arabiensis exposed in cones (nets and IRS) or wire balls (nets only). Susceptibility of wild populations was assessed using WHO diagnostic concentrations and PCR for knock-down resistance (kdr) genes. IRS treatments killed [greater than or equal to] 85% of mosquitoes exposed on palm ceilings and [greater than or equal to] 90% of those exposed on mud walls, but up to 50% of this toxicity decayed within 1-3 months, except for DDT. By 6th month, only 7.5%, 42.5% and 30.0% of mosquitoes died when exposed to ceilings sprayed with pirimiphos-methyl, DDT or lambda-cyhalothrin respectively, while 12.5%, 36.0% and 27.5% died after exposure to mud walls sprayed with the same insecticides. In wire-ball assays, mortality decreased from 98.1% in 1st month to 92.6% in 6th month in tests on PermaNet 2.0(R), from 100% to 61.1% on Icon Life(R) and from 93.2% to 33.3% on Olyset(R) nets. In cone bioassays, mortality reduced from 92.8% in 1st month to 83.3% in 6th month on PermaNet 2.0(R), from 96.9% to 43.80% on Icon Life(R) and from 85.6% to 14.6% on Olyset(R). Wild An. arabiensis were 100% susceptible to DDT, 95.8% to deltamethrin, 90.2% to lambda cyhalothrin and 95.2% susceptible to permethrin. No kdr gene mutations were detected. CONCLUSIONS: In bioassays where sufficient contact with treated surfaces is assured, LLINs and IRS kill high proportions of susceptible An. arabiensis mosquitoes, though these efficacies decay gradually for LLINs and rapidly for IRS. It is, therefore, important to always add intact nets in sprayed houses, guaranteeing protection even after the IRS decays, and to ensure accurate timing, quality control and regular re-spraying in IRS programmes. By contrast, adding IRS in houses with intact LLINs is unlikely to improve protection relative to LLINs alone, since there is no guarantee that unfed vectors would rest long enough on the sprayed surfaces, and because of the rapid IRS decay. However, there is need to clarify these effects using data from observations of free flying mosquitoes in huts. Physiological susceptibility of An. arabiensis in the area remains 100% against DDT, but is slightly reduced against pyrethroids, necessitating caution over possible spread of resistance. The loss of LLIN toxicity, particularly Olyset(R) nets suggests that protection offered by these nets against An. arabiensis may be primarily due to physical bite prevention rather than insecticidal efficacy