Using sea cucumbers to illustrate the basics of zoological nomenclature

In addition to a brief account of the need to have unique and unambiguous scientific names for taxa, this paper, annotated with examples of sea cucumbers, explains the basics of zoological nomenclature. In doing so it aims to reduce the confusion that exists among various breeds of end-users of taxonomists who may not fully understand the seemingly arbitrary and often volatile nature of scientific names. This paper also aims to provide teachers and students with a comprehensible account of the basic principles of zoological nomenclature

Equinodermes da região entre o Amapá (Brasil) e a Flórida (E.U.A.) II: echinozoa

The echinozoan species collected by the Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base of Pascagoula, Mississipi, U.S.A., between the Southwest region of U.S.A. and the Amapa (Brasil) are listed. The geo graphical distribution of twenty two species is extended. A new species, Thyone pawsoni sp. n., is described

A collection of Holothurians in the Leiden Museum from the East Indies and new Guinea, with the description of a new species of Protankyra (Holothurioidea: Synaptidae) from Java

Twenty-seven species of holothurian are recorded from the East Indies, including a new species in the synaptid genus Protankyra collected from the central north coast of Java. The majority of the species are widely distributed throughout the Indo-west Pacific region. However, Labidoplax incerta (Ludwig, 1875), known only from Java, is recorded for the second time from the same area

Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: An inventory and analysis of distribution patterns

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology488 SUPPL.459-49

Taxonomy of the heavily exploited Indo-Pacific sandfish complex (Echinodermata: Holothuriidae)

Two commercially valuable holothurians, the sandfish and golden sandfish, vary in colour and have a confused taxonomy, lending uncertainty to species identifications. A recent molecular study showed that the putative variety Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra var. versicolor Conand, 1986 ('golden sandfish') is a distinct species from, but could hybridize with, H. (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger, 1833 ('sandfish'). Examination of the skeletal elements and external morphology of these species corroborates these findings. The identity of H. (M.) scabra is unambiguously defined through the erection and description of a neotype, and several synonyms have been critically re-examined. The nomenclaturally rejected taxon H. (Metriatyla) timama Lesson, 1830 and H. (M.) scabra var. versicolor (a nomen nudum) are herein recognized as conspecific and are allocated to a new species, Holothuria lessoni sp. nov., for which type specimens are described. The holotype and only known specimen of H. aculeata Semper, 1867, has been found and is redescribed. It is considered to be a valid species. Taxonomic clarification of this heavily exploited species complex should aid its conservation and permit species-specific management of their fisheries

Equinodermes do Brasil: III. observações sobre algumas espécies coletadas durante as viagens do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha"

As seguintes espécies de equinodermes sao assinaladas pela primeira vez para o Brasil: Holothuria (Cystipus) af. pseudofossor, Stylocidaris lineata, Clypeaster (Clypeaster) rosaceus, Chaetaster longipes, Luidia barbadensis, Amphiura princeps Ophiophragmus pulcher e Amphipholizona delicata. Cladodactyla crocea e Pseudocnus perrieri foram coletadas apenas ao sul do Rio da Prata. Pseudocnus dubiosus e Chiridota marenzelleri ocorreram na região do Uruguai.The geographical distribution of Holothuria (Cystipus) pseudofossor, Stylocidaris lineata, Clypeaster (Clypeaster) rosaceus Chaetaster longipes Luidia barbadensis, Amphiura princeps, Ophiophragmus pulcher and Amphipholizona delicata is extended to the Brazilian region. Cladodactyla croces and Pseudocnus perrieri were collected in the region near Mar del Plata (Argentina) and Pseudoonus dubiosus and Chiridota marenzelleri , in front of Uruguay

Effects of anthropological factors on the metal accumulation profiles of sea cucumbers in near industrial and residential coastlines of İzmir, Turkey

This study details the metal and metalloid accumulation profiles of three species of sea cucumbers (Holothuriamammata, Holothuriapolii and Holothuriatubulosa) native to Aliaga and Ildir (Izmir, Turkey), two regions that are representative of industrial and residential districts, respectively. A total of 11 elements were analysed (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Co, V, Ni, Cd, Pb and As) from gut and body wall tissues of holothurians and in sediment samples. The Mann-Whitney U analysis revealed statistical difference between locations and tissues. Accumulations of Aliaga samples were significantly higher than Ildir samples with respect to Zn, V, Mn, Cr, Fe and Co while accumulations were significantly higher in the gut than body wall regardless of the region for all elements tested. The correlation analysis showed more and stronger correlations in the gut than in the body wall. In addition, metal(loid) concentrations in the sediment were found to correlate strongly with these in the sea cucumber gut. The cluster analysis displayed totally different element accumulation pattern for Aliaga and Ildir in the both tissues which indicate that anthropogenic effects start to alter the bioaccumulation of metal(loids). Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) and metal contamination index were calculated to determine the extent of metal(loid) uptake and to compare total elemental accumulation at each region. Gut tissue elemental BSAF is higher than body wall for all elements at both areas. Cd has the highest value with 5.582 (gut tissue) and the lowest are Ni, V and Cr with 0.001 (body wall tissue). In addition, sediment results were compared with previous studies and sediment quality guidelines and found to exceed the lowest effect level (LEL) values for As and Ni