Sinopsis del género Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, hongos liquenícolas), con la descripción de tres nuevas especies

Synopsis of the genus Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, lichenicolous fungi), with the description of three new species. Work of compilation and synthesis ofthe genus Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Description of the general characteristics of the genus and mention of the di fferential characters of the known species. Three species are described as new: Sarcopyrenia baetica Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp.nov., which grows on Lecania gr. erysibe, and S. Lichinellae Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., on Lichinella stipatula; both species are known only of the original localities (Andalusia, S. of Spain); whereas, Sarcopyrenia pluriseptata Nav.-Ros. et Cl. Roux sp. nov. , known in the S of France on Calo placa varia bilis, and previously described as provisional, is validated.Sinopsis del género Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, hongos liquenícolas), con la descripción de tres nuevas especies. Trabajo de recopilación y de síntesis sobre el género Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Se describen las características generales del género y se detallan los caracteres diferenciales de las especies conocidas. Tres especies se describen como nuevas. Dos de ellas, Sarcopyrenia baetica Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., que crece sobre Lecania gr. erysibe., y S. Lichinellae Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., sobre Lichinella stipatula, se conocen únicamente de las respectivas localidades originales de Andalucía (S. de España); mientras que S. Pluriseptata Nav.-Ros. et Cl. Roux sp. nov. conocida del S de Francia sobre Caloplaca variabilis, anteriormente descrita de forma provisional, se publica válidamente

Sinopsis del género Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, hongos liquenícolas), con la descripción de tres nuevas especies

Synopsis of the genus Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, lichenicolous fungi), with the description of three new species. Work of compilation and synthesis ofthe genus Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Description of the general characteristics of the genus and mention of the di fferential characters of the known species. Three species are described as new: Sarcopyrenia baetica Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp.nov., which grows on Lecania gr. erysibe, and S. Lichinellae Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., on Lichinella stipatula; both species are known only of the original localities (Andalusia, S. of Spain); whereas, Sarcopyrenia pluriseptata Nav.-Ros. et Cl. Roux sp. nov. , known in the S of France on Calo placa varia bilis, and previously described as provisional, is validated.Sinopsis del género Sarcopyrenia (Ascomycota, hongos liquenícolas), con la descripción de tres nuevas especies. Trabajo de recopilación y de síntesis sobre el género Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Se describen las características generales del género y se detallan los caracteres diferenciales de las especies conocidas. Tres especies se describen como nuevas. Dos de ellas, Sarcopyrenia baetica Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., que crece sobre Lecania gr. erysibe., y S. Lichinellae Nav.-Ros. et Hladun sp. nov., sobre Lichinella stipatula, se conocen únicamente de las respectivas localidades originales de Andalucía (S. de España); mientras que S. Pluriseptata Nav.-Ros. et Cl. Roux sp. nov. conocida del S de Francia sobre Caloplaca variabilis, anteriormente descrita de forma provisional, se publica válidamente

Endpoints and design of clinical trials in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: Position paper of the LiverHope Consortium

Management of decompensated cirrhosis is currently geared towards the treatment of complications once they occur. To date there is no established disease-modifying therapy aimed at halting progression of the disease and preventing the development of complications in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The design of clinical trials to investigate new therapies for patients with decompensated cirrhosis is complex. The population of patients with decompensated cirrhosis is heterogeneous (i.e., different etiologies, comorbidities and disease severity), leading to the inclusion of diverse populations in clinical trials. In addition, primary endpoints selected for trials that include patients with decompensated cirrhosis are not homogeneous and at times may not be appropriate. This leads to difficulties in comparing results obtained from different trials. Against this background, the LiverHope Consortium organized a meeting of experts, the goal of which was to develop recommendations for the design of clinical trials and to define appropriate endpoints, both for trials aimed at modifying the natural history and preventing progression of decompensated cirrhosis, as well as for trials aimed at managing the individual complications of cirrhosis

Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson’s disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases

Mutations in Park8, encoding for the multidomain Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein, comprise the predominant genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, the most common amino acid substitution activates the kinase two- to threefold. This has motivated the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; however, poor consensus on physiological LRRK2 substrates has hampered clinical development of such therapeutics. We employ a combination of phosphoproteomics, genetics, and pharmacology to unambiguously identify a subset of Rab GTPases as key LRRK2 substrates. LRRK2 directly phosphorylates these both in vivo and in vitro on an evolutionary conserved residue in the switch II domain. Pathogenic LRRK2 variants mapping to different functional domains increase phosphorylation of Rabs and this strongly decreases their affinity to regulatory proteins including Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Our findings uncover a key class of bona-fide LRRK2 substrates and a novel regulatory mechanism of Rabs that connects them to PD

IL-1β promotes MPN disease initiation by favoring early clonal expansion of JAK2-mutant hematopoietic stem cells

JAK2-V617F is themost frequent somatic mutation causingmyeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN). JAK2-V617F can be found in healthy individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) with a frequency much higher than the prevalence of MPNs. The factors controlling the conversion of JAK2-V617F CHIP to MPN are largely unknown.We hypothesized that interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inflammation can favor this progression.We established an experimental system using bone marrow (BM) transplantations from JAK2-V617F and GFP transgenic (VF;GFP) mice that were further crossed with IL-1β-/- or IL-1R1-/- mice. To study the role of IL-1β and its receptor on monoclonal evolution of MPN, we performed competitive BM transplantations at high dilutions with only 1 to 3 hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) per recipient. Loss of IL-1β in JAK2-mutantHSCs reduced engraftment, restricted clonal expansion, lowered the total numbers of functional HSCs, and decreased the rate of conversion toMPN. Loss of IL-1R1 in the recipients also lowered the conversion to MPN but did not reduce the frequency of engraftment of JAK2-mutant HSCs. Wild-type (WT) recipients transplantedwith VF;GFP BM that developed MPNs had elevated IL-1β levels and reduced frequencies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Interestingly, frequencies of MSCs were also reduced in recipients that did not develop MPNs, had only marginally elevated IL-1β levels, and displayed low GFP-chimerism resembling CHIP. Anti-IL-1β antibody preserved high frequencies of MSCs in VF;GFP recipients and reduced the rate of engraftment and the conversion to MPN. Our results identify IL-1β as a potential therapeutic target for preventing the transition from JAK2-V617F CHIP to MPNs.ISSN:2473-9537ISSN:2473-952

Deep ocean metagenomes provide insight into the metabolic architecture of bathypelagic microbial communities

The deep sea, the largest ocean’s compartment, drives planetary-scale biogeochemical cycling. Yet, the functional exploration of its microbial communities lags far behind other environments. Here we analyze 58 metagenomes from tropical and subtropical deep oceans to generate the Malaspina Gene Database. Free-living or particle-attached lifestyles drive functional differences in bathypelagic prokaryotic communities, regardless of their biogeography. Ammonia and CO oxidation pathways are enriched in the free-living microbial communities and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and H2 oxidation pathways in the particle-attached, while the Calvin Benson-Bassham cycle is the most prevalent inorganic carbon fixation pathway in both size fractions. Reconstruction of the Malaspina Deep Metagenome-Assembled Genomes reveals unique non-cyanobacterial diazotrophic bacteria and chemolithoautotrophic prokaryotes. The widespread potential to grow both autotrophically and heterotrophically suggests that mixotrophy is an ecologically relevant trait in the deep ocean. These results expand our understanding of the functional microbial structure and metabolic capabilities of the largest Earth aquatic ecosystem.En prensa10,01