The International Cooperation in Planning Studio as a Pedagogical Approach: Experiences from Grenoble & Sfax

In 2012, an international planning studio was organized by the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (France) at Sfax (Tunisia). What could have been a one-off project evolved into a long-term cooperation between French and Tunisian partners. The international cooperation in urbanism studio is now the focus of the teaching approach in both years of the Urbanism and International Cooperation master’s programme. This paper firstly considers the theoretical and practical contexts in which these studios developed. It then goes on to explore the planning concepts on which they are built. The main pedagogical characteristics are then drawn out. Finally, the lessons which can be learned from this experience and the potential for these to be applied elsewhere are evaluated

Evaluation et gestion infirmière de la douleur aiguë chez la personne âgée démente en mileu de soins aigus: revue de littérature étoffée

Le but de ce travail est de mettre en évidence de quelle manière le personnel infirmier évalue et gère la douleur aiguë chez cette population dans un contexte de soins aigus

How to coexist with fire ants: The roles of behaviour and cuticular compounds

tBecause territoriality is energetically costly, territorial animals frequently respond less aggressively toneighbours than to strangers, a reaction known as the “dear enemy phenomenon” (DEP). The contrary,the “nasty neighbour effect” (NNE), occurs mainly for group-living species defending resource-basedterritories. We studied the relationships between supercolonies of the pest fire ant Solenopsis saevissimaand eight ant species able to live in the vicinity of its nests plus Eciton burchellii, an army ant predatorof other ants. The workers from all of the eight ant species behaved submissively when confrontedwith S. saevissima (dominant) individuals, whereas the contrary was never true. Yet, S. saevissima weresubmissive towards E. burchellii workers. Both DEP and NNE were observed for the eight ant species, withsubmissive behaviours less frequent in the case of DEP. To distinguish what is due to chemical cues fromwhat can be attributed to behaviour, we extracted cuticular compounds from all of the nine ant speciescompared and transferred them onto a number of S. saevissima workers that were then confronted withuntreated conspecifics. The cuticular compounds from three species, particularly E. burchellii, triggeredgreater aggressiveness by S. saevissima workers, while those from the other species did not

A new method for measuring grain displacements in granular materials by X-ray computed tomography

International audienceWe aim to measure the individual grain displacements in a granular material under constant load (creep). X-ray computed tomography imaging provides images of the granular medium microstructure during the experiment, and discrete volumetric image correlation (DV-DIC) [1] allows the determination of the grain individual rigid body motion from the reconstructed tomography images. However, for short-term creep, and time-resolved experiments in general, the sample evolutions can be very quick and occur before the full tomography scan is complete. This constitutes a serious limitation of standard experimental procedures for the investigation of the micromechanics of the creep of granular media at the grain scale. We present a new method for measuring grain displacements, that overcomes the above-mentioned limitation. Indeed, in a granular material, assuming no breakage occurs, each grain undergoes a rigid body motion. Therefore, the displacement field reduces to a set of six degrees of freedom per grain. This suggests that the information contained in a full set of projections (necessary to perform an accurate 3D reconstruction) is excessively redundant for the determination of the grain displacements. Our method requires only few projections of the sample at its current state, thus reducing dramatically the acquisition time. Displacements are estimated from the projections directly, without 3D reconstruction. Our method is formulated as an inverse problem. A forward model based on Beer-Lambert's law is developed to efficiently perform numerical projections. The grain displacements are estimated by fitting the numerical projections to experimental projections of the current state of the sample. We also study the sensitivity of the estimated displacements to image noise, both numerically and through a theoretical model which highlights the influence of the setup parameters on the measurements. The method has been validated and its accuracy assessed against 2D and 3D numerical experiments on virtual microstructures

Internal states, stress-strain behavior and elasticity in oedometrically compressed model granular materials

International audienceThe behaviour of a model granular material (an assembly of slightly poly-disperse spherical beads, with Hertz-Mindlin elastic and frictional contacts) subjected to one dimensional (oedometric) compressions is studied by DEM simulations. We systematically investigate the influence of the (idealized) packing process on the microstructure and stresses in the initial, weakly confined equilibrium state. Such characteristics as density (ranging from maximally dense to moderately loose), coordination number (which might vary independently of solid fraction, especially in dense systems), fabric and stress anisotropies are monitored in oedometric loading cycles in which the major principal stress varies by up to 5 orders of magnitude. The evolution of the solid fraction (or the void ratio) versus the imposed vertical (principal) stress as observed in the loading and unloading paths, like in the case of isotropic compression [2] and unlike laboratory tests on sands, the behaviour shows only very limited plastic strain and is very nearly reversible in dense samples (which tend nevertheless to lose contacts in a loading cycle if the initial coordination number was large). The irreversibility observed in sands should thus be attributed to plasticity or damage within inter granular contacts. The anisotropy of the microstructure is described by the angular distributions of contacts and forces. It is explicitly linked to the stresses in the loading history, by semi-quantitative relations. One of the important characteristics measured during the compression is the ratio of lateral to controlled ('vertical') stress, K0. We discuss conditions in which K0 might be regarded as constant. We calculate, via a static (matrix) method [1], the complete tensor of elastic moduli, expressing response to very small stress increments about the transversely isotropic equilibrium states along the loading path

Spin-motion coupling in a circular Rydberg state quantum simulator: case of two atoms

Rydberg atoms are remarkable tools for the quantum simulation of spin arrays. Circular Rydberg atoms open the way to simulations over very long time scales, using a combination of laser trapping of the atoms and spontaneous-emission inhibition, as shown in the proposal of a XXZ spin-array simulator based on chains of trapped circular atoms [T.L. Nguyen $\textit{et al.}$, Phys. Rev. X 8, 011032 (2018)]. Such simulators could reach regimes (thermalization, glassy dynamics) that are out of the reach of those based on ordinary, low-angular-momentum short-lived Rydberg atoms. Over the promised long time scales, the unavoidable coupling of the spin dynamics with the atomic motion in the traps may play an important role. We study here the interplay between the spin exchange and motional dynamics in the simple case of two interacting circular Rydberg atoms confined in harmonic traps. The time evolution is solved exactly when the position dependence of the dipole-dipole interaction terms can be linearized over the extension of the atomic motion. We present numerical simulations in more complex cases, using the realistic parameters of the simulator proposal. We discuss three applications. First, we show that realistic experimental parameters lead to a regime in which atomic and spin dynamics become fully entangled, generating interesting non-classical motional states. We also show that, in other parameter regions, the spin dynamics notably depends on the initial temperature of the atoms in the trap, providing a sensitive motional thermometry method. Last, and most importantly, we discuss the range of parameters in which the motion has negligible influence over the spin dynamics.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Diagnostic : Rive-de-Gier

Travail réalisé par : Etudiants Master 1 Urbanisme, Habitat et Coopération Internationale - Institut d’Urbanisme de Grenoble 2014/2015 : Aggoun Younes, Asathal Capucine, Baldazzini Lizzie, Barroche Alexia, Chaniol Cécile, Chiron Paul, Colas Isabelle, Collet Pauline, Gada Brittany, Gautier Ancelin, Guimon Marjorie, Hemeimat Rawan, Houllière Colline, Kafi Sandy, Lecroère Chloé, Magoarou Nathan, Monneau Alexis, Ounda-Meybi Mélodie, Talon Marion, Voisin LaetitiaCe dossier présente le résultat des réflexions communes entre les étudiants de deux masters de l’Institut d’Urbanisme de Grenoble composante de l’Université Pierre-Mendès-France (sciences humaines & sociales). Il s’agit d’étudiant en première année de master UHCI (Urbanisme, Habitat et Coopération Internationale) et en seconde année de master Urbano. Depuis le mois de septembre 2014, les étudiants ont effectué un diagnostic du territoire à travers des exercices de statistiques, d’études de la morphologie urbaine, d’observations des usages et des ambiances d’espaces publics du centre-ville (UHCI) et des analyses sensibles de l’ensemble de la vallée (Urbano). Ces exercices ont demandé aux étudiants de se déplacer à plusieurs reprises sur le terrain entre octobre et janvier 2015. Un atelier a été organisé du 19 au 23 janvier 2015 à Rive-de-Gier conjointement entre les deux masters afin d’approfondir nos recherches et études par le prisme de quatre grands thèmes (Communauté & Identité; Espaces de loisirs & Sociabilité ; Nature & Ressources ; Métropolisation; Environnement bâti & Modes de vie). Conscients de l’importance de la collaboration, certain de nos travaux ont été publiés sur le laboratoire numérique Voyage-s dans la vallée, mis en place par un des commanditaires (l’équipe de recherche d’un projet PUCA « Expertises partagées dans la ville ordinaire »)

Assessment of Local People Opinion After World Heritage Site Designation, Case Study: Historic City of Yazd, Iran

Local participation in the cultural heritage conservation has always been a concern since the Venice Charter (1964). It seems the assumption of the World Heritage Center, and particularly their State Parties, is that local people living in a nominated site are willing to inscribe their properties on the World Heritage List. This research examines the points of view of a local community living in the buffer zone of the Historic City of Yazd in five categories: Willingness, quality of life, decision-making, benefits, and awareness after the designation as World Heritage Site. The main hypotheses are that local people did not agree to inscribe their properties on the World Heritage List, and their quality of life has not changed after registering. The methodology is based on both qualitative and quantitative methods by interviewing 400 people of both genders and different ages. The results show that the majority of local people living in the buffer zone were not satisfied to be on the list. In addition, more than 80% mentioned that the quality of life did not change at all after the inscription. There was a misunderstanding about the role of national and international organizations in World Heritage management and conservation among the local community