La evaluación escolar : ilusión y prudencia

La esperanza de los expertos reside en que una teoría de la evaluación prescriba los medios y condiciones de una buena evaluación. El tratamiento epistemológico de la evaluación muestra que toda concepción normativa entraña la destrucción del objeto de la pedagogía y su transformación en un imaginario irreal en sus enunciados e ilusorio en sus prescripciones prácticas. La conclusión analiza y sobrepasa la solución de un relativismo radical propuesto por dos trabajos recientes. Tangencialmente, se presenta a los lectores españoles un panorama de las prácticas y de las investigaciones en cuanto a evaluación en los países francófonos.Practica1 people hope for a theory of evaluation that prescribes the means and conditions of correct evaluation. Epistemological treatment of evaluation shows that all standard conceptions entail destruction of the object of pedagogy and its transformation into the unreal and imaginary in its statements and the illusory in its practica1 prescriptions. The conclusion analyses and goes beyond the solution of a radical relativism, put forward in two recent papers. Tangentially, Spanish readers are presented with a panorama of the practices and the investigations with regard to evaluation in French speaking countrie

Rebels with a Cause: How Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare Subversively Challenge the Monarchy\u27s Source of Power and Other Societal Norms of Early Modern England

This thesis examines the ways that Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare use their history plays to subvert the ideals of early modern England. Writing plays about historical events gave the playwrights freedom to depict certain things on stage that would have otherwise been unacceptable, and because they had history as their source, they could show events that were parallel to the current happenings in England and make commentary on those events

An analysis of femininity : how popular female characters in the media portray contemporary womanhood

The impact of the media on adolescent girls has received greater theoretical, legal and societal focus over the last few decades. Several studies link the development of women’s gendered identities, healthy sexual activity and self-efficacy to how the media portray women. Restrictive or unrealistic themes of womanhood or femininity in the media can impact a young girl’s social construction of identity and provide limited examples of what it means to be a woman in today’s society. This study qualitatively examines femininity in contemporary media by analyzing—via textual analysis and focus groups—how popular female characters embody, portray and promote different conceptualizations of femininity. Do these characters portray more traditional styles of femininity? Or do they embrace the gains of Third Wave feminism and promote more contemporary versions of femininity? Results suggest a shift toward contemporary femininity, but also reveal lingering stereotypes in a character’s emotional and cultural behaviors

Rebels with a Cause: How Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare Subversively Challenge the Monarchy\u27s Source of Power and Other Societal Norms of Early Modern England

This thesis examines the ways that Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare use their history plays to subvert the ideals of early modern England. Writing plays about historical events gave the playwrights freedom to depict certain things on stage that would have otherwise been unacceptable, and because they had history as their source, they could show events that were parallel to the current happenings in England and make commentary on those events

There\u27s three stores in the whole picture : On the use of the English existential \u27there\u27 construction in task-based interactions.

This thesis uses the unscripted diapix, spot-the-difference task featured in the Wildcat Corpus of Native- and Foreign-Accented English (Van Engen et al., 2010) to compare the use of the English existential ‘there’ construction (TC) among three different types of dyad pairings that include English native speakers and Korean non-native speakers of English. The goal of this investigation is to determine if there is a difference in the use of the construction that can help us better characterize foreigner-directed speech (FDS). The three variables of interest are non-concordance TCs, topicalized TCs, and interrogative TCs. The results showed that, when in task-related conversations with non-native speakers, native speakers decrease non-concords, increase topicalization, and increase interrogative use in foreigner-directed speech. These findings help us better describe the nature of FDS when it comes to a crucial discourse function, the expression of existence in English

Why federal intervention in Portland shouldn’t be a shock

For several months, protests have been ongoing in Portland, Oregon, following the police killings of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. Aaron Roussell and Gisela Rodriguez Fernandez examine the intentional misconceptions which have developed to delegitimize the protests in Portland and elsewhere, writing that despite sentiments that such tactics are ‘not American’, the use of police violence and federal agents against protests in US cities is nothing new

Importância da contaminação das mãos por germes, em trabalhadores da saúde, como possíveis transmissores de infecções hospitalares

The importance of hands in the transmission of nosocomial infection has been world wide admitted. However, it is difficult to induce this behavior in health-care workers. The aim of the present work was to point out the importance of hand bacteria colonization, the influence of hand washing and of patient physical examination. One hundred health-care workers were randomly divided in two groups: Group A without hand washing previous to patient physical examination or handling (PPE); group B with hand washing previous to PPE. Direct fingerprint samples in Columbia agar before and after PPE were obtained. The colonies were counted and identified by conventional techniques, and antibiograms according to NCCLS were performed. Before PPE group A participants showed a high number of bacteria regarding group B participants (73.9 Vs 20.7; p < 0.001); 44 out of 50 participants were carriers of potentially pathogen bacteria. No group B participants were carriers of potential pathogen bacteria before PPE. The latter group showed an increase in number of bacteria after PPE (20.7 CFU (before) Vs 115.9 CFU (after); p < 0.001). Sixteen group B participants were contaminated after PPE with potential pathogens such as S. aureus (50% of them meticillin resistant); Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, half of them multiresistant. We can conclude on the importance of these results to implement educational programs and to provide the health-care workers with the proper commodities to fulfill this practice.A importância das mãos na transmissão de infecções hospitalares é aceita mundialmente. Todavia, é difícil introduzir este procedimento entre os trabalhadores da saúde. Este trabalho pretendeu evidenciar a colonização das mãos por bactérias e a influência da lavagem de mãos e o exame físico dos pacientes. 100 profisionais de saúde foram divididos, ao acaso em dois grupos: A - sem lavagem de mãos antes do exame físico ou manejo dos pacientes (PPE); B - com lavagem prévia das mãos antes do PPE. Foram obtidas amostras de impressões digitais em agar Columbia antes e depois do PPE. As colônias foram contadas e identificadas por técnicas convencionais e antibiogramas de acordo com NCCLS. Antes do PPE os participantes do grupo A apresentaram elevado número de bactérias em relação ao grupo B (73.9 vs. 20.7; p < 0.001); 44 dos 50 participantes eram portadores potenciais de bactérias patogênicas. Nenhum participante do grupo B era portador de bactéria potencialmente patogênica antes do PPE. Este grupo mostrou um aumento no número de bactérias depois do PPE (20.7 UFC antes vs. 115.9 UFC depois; p < 0.001). 16 participantes do grupo B foram contaminados, depois do PPE, com patógenos potenciais tais como S. aureus (50% dos quais eram resistentes à meticilina), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Enterococcus faecalis, metade dos quais, multiresistentes. Podemos concluir sobre a importância destes resultados para implementar programas educacionais e para prover os trabalhadores da saúde com facilidades para o adequado cumprimento desta prática

A Rhetorical analysis of the polular society addresses of Thermidor /

The encouragement the letters give to violence and further terror are products of their orality. Because they were composed by committees' deliberations and for the specific purpose of being read aloud, the letters are examples of what one could call written oratory. Like the ancient, pre-literate singers of songs, the popular societies used their (written) oral performances as a means of promoting group unity, reinforcing adherence to the nation, and conserving the values of the Revolution. The Thermidor addresses reveal a perspective on the Terror which is not the revulsion some historians have assumed to be the popular attitude in France, but rather support for terror based on an understanding of it as a means of the sans-culottes keeping control of the Revolutionary agenda. The addresses' oral qualities create texts which heighten rather than lessen the tensions and tendencies toward violence in the political situation.This study uses an understanding of myth derived from that of Northrop Frye. The myth of Thermidor, a narrative which argues that the Terror of 1793 to 1794 was Robespierre's tool for consolidating personal power by eliminating or terrorizing his political enemies, has served and continues to serve as the base narrative for histories of the French Revolution. The cultural and political message of this myth is the establishment of the futility of revolution; i.e., that it leads directly to terror and oppression. The letters written by the popular societies of provincial France, the creation of the Paris Jacobin Society, on the occasion of the ninth and tenth of Thermidor are the first telling of the Thermidor story after its creation