DolphinAtack: Inaudible Voice Commands

Speech recognition (SR) systems such as Siri or Google Now have become an increasingly popular human-computer interaction method, and have turned various systems into voice controllable systems(VCS). Prior work on attacking VCS shows that the hidden voice commands that are incomprehensible to people can control the systems. Hidden voice commands, though hidden, are nonetheless audible. In this work, we design a completely inaudible attack, DolphinAttack, that modulates voice commands on ultrasonic carriers (e.g., f > 20 kHz) to achieve inaudibility. By leveraging the nonlinearity of the microphone circuits, the modulated low frequency audio commands can be successfully demodulated, recovered, and more importantly interpreted by the speech recognition systems. We validate DolphinAttack on popular speech recognition systems, including Siri, Google Now, Samsung S Voice, Huawei HiVoice, Cortana and Alexa. By injecting a sequence of inaudible voice commands, we show a few proof-of-concept attacks, which include activating Siri to initiate a FaceTime call on iPhone, activating Google Now to switch the phone to the airplane mode, and even manipulating the navigation system in an Audi automobile. We propose hardware and software defense solutions. We validate that it is feasible to detect DolphinAttack by classifying the audios using supported vector machine (SVM), and suggest to re-design voice controllable systems to be resilient to inaudible voice command attacks.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figure

Functional analysis of human RPS14 null alleles

Previously we described a large collection of cloned human DNAs that encode chemically defined missense mutations within the ribosomal protein S14 sequence. We determined that biologically inactive (i.e. null) alleles resulted primarily from point mutations targeted to two internal segments of the S14-coding sequence and designated these functionally critical regions as domains B and D. Further, we inferred that structural determinants within domains B and D are required for proper incorporation of the S14 protein into nascent 40 S ribosomal particles and/or for the normal function of mature cytoplasmic ribosomes. In this study we have used immunofluorescence to monitor the intracellular trafficking of epitopically labeled human S14 protein isoforms transiently expressed by cultured Chinese hamster cells. Data obtained distinguish null alleles of RPS14 which encode proteins that are not incorporated into pre-ribosomal subunit particles from null alleles whose products are compatible with normal ribosome assembly processes but result in functionally inactive cytoplasmic 40 S ribosomal subunits. Mutations assigned to the first allele class involve amino acid replacements located within S14 domains B and D; whereas mutations assigned to the second class are distributed throughout the S14 protein-coding sequence.This research was supported by grants GM23013 and GM38932 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and a postdoctoral research fellowship to J.M.N. from the Kansas Health Foundation (Wichita, KS)

Importance Scores are Important When Examining Customer Satisfaction

Through recent years consumer research has extensively analyzed the psychological determinants of customer satisfaction attitudes. However, customer satisfaction with a particular service factor (e.g., “friendly service”) does not necessarily reflect the customer’s evaluation of the factor with respect to its importance. The hypothesis that “Importance” ratings contain valuable information about customer attitudes was explored with data collected over a four-year period with onboard patrons of a public transportation utility. The items were grouped into two sections: Service Factors (18 items) and Driver Behavior (9 items). Factor analysis suggests that Importance and Satisfaction load largely on separate factors, with a third factor representing “Driver Behaviors”. Evidence to support that gender and sex differences significantly affect what customers determine to be important in service are commonly seen in factors of Safety (on the bus; at bus stops), Cleanliness, and Driver Courtesy. Implications of these findings are discussed

LEARNING WINDOWS FOR THE COOLING LOAD OF THE BUILDING

The present research comprises the design of a scientific educational program by computer, it is represented by preparing a group of main windows and other secondary windows, this program was written via using visual basic language to educate students the multi-types of thermal cooling load sources and how to calculate it for different buildings for both the students and the designing engineer by using the equations and tables which were prepared for this purpose. This program consists of (15) main windows and (10) secondary windows for help, the first one is specified for the title of the program and the purpose of its preparing, the second main window until the eleventh are specified to enter the required data, while the main windows from number twelfth to fifteenth are specified to review the results as tables and graphs and to review a summary report about the peak cooling load of the building. The user can enter the secondary windows from the main windows which are specified to produce the help to the students or the users of the program about the meaning of the cooling load and its sources and how to calculate it in an explicit by using equations and the required tables

Learning Windows For The Cooling Load of The Building

The present research comprises the design of a scientific educational program by computer, it is represented by preparing a group of main windows and other secondary windows, this program was written via using visual basic language to educate students the multi-types of thermal cooling load sources and how to calculate it for different buildings for both the students and the designing engineer by using the equations and tables which were prepared for this purpose. This program consists of (15) main windows and (10) secondary windows for help, the first one is specified for the title of the program and the purpose of its preparing, the second main window until the eleventh are specified to enter the required data, while the main windows from number twelfth to fifteenth are specified to review the results as tables and graphs and to review a summary report about the peak cooling load of the building. The user can enter the secondary windows from the main windows which are specified to produce the help to the students or the users of the program about the meaning of the cooling load and its sources and how to calculate it in an explicit by using equations and the required tables

Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Aplikasi Monitoring Klimatologi Menggunakan Metode Restful Web Service Berbasis Android (Studi Kasus : Stasiun Klimatologi Karangploso Malang)

Monitoring iklim dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan canggih yang berfungsi untuk mencatat perubahan data-data yang diamati. Stasiun Klimatologi Karangploso Malang merupakan salah satu stasiun BMKG yang bertugas untuk mencatat data-data bidang Klimatologi. Variabel-variabel yang diamati antara lain curah hujan, suhu, kecepatan angin, kelembaban. Data variabel tersebut dikirim ke server dari alat pencatat kemudian diolah dan ditampilkan pada aplikasi berbasis desktop dan web. Aplikasi berbasis desktop saat ini belum bisa diakses dari luar kantor. Aplikasi berbasis web atau mobile/bergerak dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif agar data BMKG dapat diakses dari luar. Aplikasi yang dipilih adalah aplikasi berbasis mobile karena lebih cepat untuk mengakses data iklim. Aplikasi mobile tersebut mendapatkan data klimatologi dengan merequest data dari web service yang menggunakan metode RESTful. Data tersebut ditampilkan berupa tabel dan chart pada sisi client. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan pada skripsi ini didapat 3 kebutuhan fungsional dan 3 kebutuhan non fungsional. Berdasarkan pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pegembangan aplikasi perangkat lunak monitoring klimatologi menggunakan metode RESTful web service berbasis android ini telah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan perancangan

Study and identification of composition, extractability and biotransformation of substances of the herbs “medicinal cannabis, sage and melissa” in wines

Herbs have been used for centuries in healing and nutrition across all civilizations. They are still used today without a doubt in the distillery, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Our inspiration for the PhD thesis came from Dioscorides' extensive historical record on flavored wines as well as the growing trend of producing spirits and other beverages by extracting or directly distilling a blend of different herbs. Three herbs—sage, lemon balm, and medicinal cannabis—from two different harvests were selected for the study, and base wines consisting of white and red wines from various varietals, wine-producing regions, and harvests were employed. The purpose of this thesis is to study and identify the substances contained in the three selected herbs (Salvia officinalis, Melissa officinalis and Cannabis Sativa) and extracted in wine. For the preparation of the research, an extensive literature review was carried out, while the DPPH and Folin Ciocalteu methods are used for the determination of antioxidant substances and the total phenolic potential, as well as the HPLC method for the identification of the sought-after substances that are extracted with an emphasis on Caffeic and Rosmarinic acid of great medicinal interest. Finally, a GC/MS analysis is performed to determine the volatile compounds extracted from the herbs in the wine with aromatic interest. The final objective and anticipated outcome of the quantitative assessment of compounds in wines is the creation of new products with organoleptic interest and medicinal value based on the wine. All of the samples under study showed a discernible increase in their phenolic potential and antioxidant capacity; however, the blank sample showed the greatest enhancement when the herb was added to stabilized wine as opposed to the samples in which the herb was added to must during fermentation. In conclusion, the wine's aromatic compounds exhibit distinct behaviors and concentrations when compared to the two different environments in which the herbs are added.Από τα πανάρχαια χρόνια, τα βότανα διαδραματίζουν, ζωτικό ρόλο τόσο στην διατροφή, όσο και στην ιατρική όλων των πολιτισμών. Σήμερα η χρήση τους στην φαρμακευτική, στην ποτοποιία αλλά και στην βιομηχανία καλλυντικών είναι αδιαμφισβήτητη. Η πλούσια Ιστορική αναφορά του Διοσκουρίδη για αρωματισμένους οίνους σε συνδυασμό με την ολοένα και αυξανόμενη παραγωγή αποσταγμάτων και ποτών με εκχύλιση ή απευθείας απόσταξη μείγματος διαφόρων βοτάνων, μας οδήγησε στην σύλληψη της ιδέας της διδακτορικής διατριβής. Για την επίτευξη της μελέτης επιλέχθηκαν τρία βότανα, το Φασκόμηλο, το Μελισσόχορτο και η φαρμακευτική Κάνναβη από δύο διαφορετικές εσοδείες, ενώ ως οίνος βάσης χρησιμοποιούνται συνάμα λευκοί και κόκκινοι οίνοι από διαφορετικές ποικιλίες, οιναπαραγωγικές ζώνες και εσοδείες. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η μελέτη και η ταυτοποίηση των ουσιών που εμπεριέχονται στα τρία επιλεγμένα βότανα (Salviaofficinalis, Melissaofficinalis και CannabisSativa) και εκχυλίζονται στον οίνο. Για την εκπόνηση της έρευνας έγινε εκτενής βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, ενώ χρησιμοποιούνται οι μέθοδοι DPPH και FolinCiocalteu ως προς τον προσδιορισμό των αντιοξειδωτικών ουσιών και του ολικού φαινολικού δυναμικού, αλλά και η μέθοδος HPLC για την ταυτοποίηση των επιζητούμενων ουσιών που εκχυλίζονται δίνοντας έμφαση στο Καφεϊκό και στο Ροσμαρινικό οξύ που παρουσιάζουν εξαιρετικό φαρμακευτικό ενδιαφέρον. Τέλος γίνεται ανάλυση GC/MS για τον προσδιορισμό των πτητικών ενώσεων που εκχυλίζονται από τα βότανα στο κρασί και παρουσιάζουν αρωματικό ενδιαφέρον. Η αξιολόγηση των ουσιών γίνεται σε ποσοτικό επίπεδο σε οίνους με απώτερο σκοπό και προσδοκώμενο αποτέλεσμα την δημιουργία νέων προϊόντων οργανοληπτικού ενδιαφέροντος και φαρμακευτικής αξίας με βάση τον οίνο. Όσον αφορά το φαινολικό δυναμικό και την αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα όλων των δειγμάτων που μελετιούνται παρατηρείται σαφώς αύξηση τόσο του φαινολικού δυναμικού όσο και της αντιοξειδωτικής ικανότητας στο τυφλό δείγμα, με περισσότερη ενίσχυση όταν το βότανο προστεθεί σε σταθεροποιημένο οίνο συγκριτικά με τα δείγματα όπου το βότανο είχε προστεθεί σε γλεύκος εν ζυμώσει. Τέλος οι αρωματικές ενώσεις που εκχυλίζονται στον οίνο παρουσιάζουν επίσης διαφορετική συμπεριφορά αλλά και ποσοστιαία συγκέντρωση σε σχέση με τα δύο ξεχωριστά περιβάλλοντα προσθήκης των βοτάνων