À propos de certaines valeurs dans l'enseignement des mathématiques

Rouche Nicolas. À propos de certaines valeurs dans l'enseignement des mathématiques. In: La Lettre de la DFLM, n°23, 1998/2. pp. 13-14

Questions on errors

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Anaesthesia in a Toxic Environment: Pressurised Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis

Objective: Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a new type of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinosis via minimally invasive surgery. This technique's specificity is the remote application of the therapy because of the potential risk of exposure to toxic products. The present paper summarises the important aspects of PIPAC and analyses the anaesthetic outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients undergoing PIPAC treatment between January 2015 and February 2018. Data on protocol adherence and perioperative anaesthetic complications and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain levels (visual analogue scale 0-10) from recovery room to 72 h were analysed. Results: The overall analysis included 193 PIPAC procedures on 87 patients. Protocol adherence was high as regards the use of propofol (100%), rocuronium (98%), antiemetic prophylaxis (99%) and lidocaine intravenous (i.v.) (87%). No accidental exposure to chemotherapy occurred during the study period. Of the 87 patients, 6.3% suffered delayed recovery, 58% due to hypothermia and 42% due to excessive sedation or curarisation. In the recovery room, 16% of patients suffered moderate to severe pain, requiring >8 mg of morphine i.v., with average doses of 13.7 mg. Median postoperative pain scores were 1 and 3 at 12 h and 0 and 0 at 72 h at rest and mobilisation, respectively. PONV was observed in <10% of patients during the first 12 h, but in 40% at 72 h. Conclusion: A dedicated anaesthetic protocol and intraoperative safety checklist facilitates safe, well-tolerated anaesthesia for PIPAC treatments

Past and future spatio-temporal variability of rainfall of the Bani catchment in West Africa.

6 pagesInternational audienceSince 1970, on the Bani, main tributary of the upper Niger, annual discharges have decreased by 69% while annual rainfall has decreased only by 15% to 25% over the catchment. Among the possible causes for this very strong discharge decrease changes of precipitation patterns must be explored. Four different methods of spatial interpolation of rainfall fields were compared on intra-seasonal indices (number of dry days, the dry spells, EDI, SPI, etc.) for the period 1950-2006. This study was also conducted on simulated pluviometric data generated by a regional climatic model (WRF) for the 2032-2041 period. The pluviometric deficit is explained by a conjunction of many factors: an earlier end of rainy season, less precipitation during the core of it and an increase of the number of dry spells. The climatic model envisages an increase of annual precipitation amounts compared to the 1981-1990 period, fewer dry spells and shorter droughts

Sixteen-year trends in fruit consumption and related socioeconomic inequalities among adolescents in Western European countries.

To investigate time trends in daily fruit consumption among Western European adolescents and in related socioeconomic inequalities.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Sixteen-year trends in fruit consumption and related socioeconomic inequalities among adolescents in Western European countries

Purpose : To investigate time trends in daily fruit consumption among Western European adolescents and in related socioeconomic inequalities. Methods : We used nationally representative data from 18 countries participating in five rounds (2002 to 2018) of the cross-sectional “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC) survey (n = 458,973). The questionnaire, standardised across countries and rounds, was self-administered at school by 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents. Daily fruit consumption was assessed using a short food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ). Socioeconomic inequalities were measured using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Multilevel logistic regressions were applied to study linear time trends in daily fruit consumption, overall, by country and by FAS. Results : Between 2002 and 2018, daily fruit consumption increased in 10 countries (OR range, 1.04 to 1.13, p < 0.05) and decreased in 3 (OR range 0.96 to 0.98, p < 0.05). In all survey years combined, prevalence of daily fruit consumption was significantly higher among high FAS groups (42.6%) compared to medium (36.1%) and low FAS groups (31.7%; all countries: p < 0.001). Between 2002 and 2018, socioeconomic inequalities in fruit consumption increased in Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and Switzerland. Only in Norway FAS inequalities decreased while the prevalence increased. Conclusion : The prevalence of daily fruit consumption generally increased among adolescents between 2002 and 2018 in Western European countries, yet socioeconomic inequalities increased in some countries. Public health interventions should continue to promote fruit consumption with special attention to lower socioeconomic groups

Agronomy and climatology of a 100 000 km² watershed in West Africa.

7 pagesInternational audienceSahelian regions are considered as particularly vulnerable to climatic variability and change for two reasons: the dominant role of rainfed agriculture in their economies and their weakness of water resources management. The physiological response of an individual plant to the climatic variations of parameters is well documented, but extrapolation to regional food production still remains very dubious. On the Bani, a tributary of the Niger River in Mali, climatic variables representative of the agroclimatic constraints of the cultures (dynamics of the rainy season and occurrence of extreme events) were evaluated from observed past data and simulated future data (regional climatic model WRF). Simple and multiple correlations were established between past data and agricultural yields, but the relations are hardly significant. In these regions in Africa, the climate factor is certainly a necessary condition to explain the agricultural outputs, but not sufficient alone