Stochastic variational inequalities with oblique subgradients

In this paper we will study the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the stochastic variational inequality with oblique subgradients of the following form:{l} dX_{t}+H(X_{t}) \partial \phi (X_{t}) (dt) \ni f(t,X_{t}) dt+g(t,X_{t}) dB_{t},\quad t>0,\smallskip \ X_{0}=x\in \bar{\emph{Dom}(\phi)}.% This problem is the generalization of the stochastic differential equation with oblique reflection considered by Lions and Sznitman in `84. The existence result is based on a deterministic approach; first, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a differential system with singular input.Comment: 34 page

Corporate Governance Changes Following Earnings Restatements: A Research Tool

This study develops a research model to investigate whether firms that restate previously released financial reports implement subsequent changes in internal governance in an effort to correct underlying problems that contributed to the need for restatement in the first place. In doing so, various likely responses to financial reporting problems, including board, audit, and management changes, are indexed into a single measure to assess the joint strength of multiple corporate governance attributes within a firm. The paper demonstrates how a comparison of the Index before and after a restatement may be used to relate the nature and magnitude of a restatement with the likelihood of corporate governance changes in the aftermath of restatement. Further, the paper classifies sample restatements more finely on the basis of presence of fraud, prompter, magnitude, severity, and reason for the restatement. This more detailed classification recognizes that responses to restatements likely relate to particular characteristics of the restatement and the restatement firm. To illustrate the use of the Index in the research model, a sample hypothesis is examined, with findings showing a statistically significant association between restatements involving fraud and subsequent corporate governance changes

Gentlewomen of the Jury

This Article undertakes a contemporary assessment of the role of women on the jury. In 1946, at a time when few women served on U.S. juries, the all-male Supreme Court opined in Ballard v. United States: “The truth is that the two sexes are not fungible; a community made up exclusively of one is different from a community composed of both; the subtle interplay of influence of one on the other is among the imponderables.” Three-quarters of a century later, women’s legal and social status has changed dramatically, with increased participation in the labor force, expanded leadership roles, and the removal of legal and other barriers to their civic engagement, including jury service. Theoretical developments and research have produced new insights about how genderconforming individuals enact their gender roles. We combine these insights with a substantial body of jury research that has examined the effects of jurors’ gender on their decision-making processes and verdict preferences in criminal and civil cases. We also consider how nonbinary and gender-nonconforming individuals might bring distinctive perspectives and experiences to the jury. After a review of the historical record, describing shifts over time in women’s jury participation in the face of legal and societal barriers, we summarize evidence from decision-making research, gender scholarship, and jury studies to examine whether women bring a different voice to jury service. Our review, which demonstrates substantial commonalities as well as significant areas of divergence in jurors’ attitudes and verdicts as a function of their gender, altogether underscores the importance of full and equitable participation on the jury

Developing Transparent Health Care Reimbursement Auditing Procedures

The continued computerization of health care records has enabled easier sampling and analysis of large sets of medical records, making it easier than ever for Medicare, Medicaid and other private insurers to use statistical audits to determine and demand return of alleged overpayments to health care providers. However, there are sometimes statistical difficulties with the audits, and there is frequently not sufficient transparency in the procedures or their application to reproduce the results in order to determine whether they have been carried out correctly. This paper addresses concerns in sampling and analysis of data records by looking at the case of a specific audit of a medical practice carried out by a private insurer. If done properly, statistical audits can be a very useful tool, but often the methodologies are vague and the implementation is either wrong or not explained fully enough to reproduce and analyze

Auditing The Auditors In Medicare And Medicaid

Baker Surgical Supplies, a small company, went bankrupt after it could not repay a significant overpayment charge demanded by Medicare based on a statistical extrapolation of claims of overpayment. The case centered on whether the extrapolation process was justifiable and whether it was properly implemented. This paper provides a description of the extrapolation process used by Medicare and Medicaid and presents the data and sampling procedure offered by Medicare and the statistical arguments offered by Baker. The case demonstrates some potential misuses of statistics in the auditing process. In shedding light on this issue, the analysis in this paper could prove to be instrumental in prompting significant improvements to the auditing process of Medicare and Medicaid