SOMATIC CELLS AND MILK HEALTH

The quality of milk as an aliment (functional aliment) and finding the modifications that come along with mamitis as quickly as possible, but also other udder diseases that produce udder dysfunctions, was and remains a major problem of the medical, medical – veterinary and other domains’ research. This supposes elaborating some high sensibility tests, which, through the investigation of a small quantity of milk and in little time, would offer cert information regarding its health, respectively the possibility of early diagnosis in cases of mamitis or other abnormal udder states. After signaling the somatic cells in milk with almost a century before, they were and still are considered among the milk’s small components. Their importance for the udder health and therefore of milk milk health was revealed later, but is at present among the hygienic quality indicators of public consumption destined milk. The cytomorphologic study on the lactosediment stained May Grunwald Giemsa and somatic cell count by the ISO-13366-1 method made on raw goat and sheep milk, collected during 3 lactations, permitted us to establish with enough precision the hygienic quality (health) of it. The somatic cell count is highly superior in these species compared to cow, in the majority of cases crossing the limit imposed by the European Community. After systemizing and analyzing the gathered data in function of the somatic cell count, lactating period and the cytomorphologic aspects, the diagnosis of mamitis and identification of germ carrier animals. The cytological configuration of lactosediment smears made possible differentiating the following milk categories: healthy, normal milk, milked and presented in hygienic conditions; microbiologically intensely polluted milk; milk from animals which are at the end of the lactation period or mammary pause and also milk from animals with chronic or subacute mastitis, clinically unexpressed, with germ carrier and eliminating animals

EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NUMBER AND CELL CONFIGURATION IN EWE MILK

In EU, the legal upper limit for the number of the somatic cells in sheep milk is 750.000 cells/ml, however, frequently, the farmers cannot respect this limit [Droke et al., 1993]. The research on number and morphologic character of milk somatic cells included 70 milk samples, from 10 individuals of an ewe population in Cluj, aged between 2 and 6, over the whole lactation period (March-September 2005). The method ISO 13366-1 was used for the counting of the somatic cells and the May Grunwald Giemsa method for the cytomorphological examination of the milk sediment

THE EFFECTS OF LACTIC AND ACETIC ACID TREATMENT ON THE PSYCHROTROPHIC GERM GROWTH FROM THE SURFACE OF BEEF AND PORK

The research material was represented by 11 meat samples: 4 pork and 7 beef, collected in November 2005 – may 2006 period, from a slaughterhouse in Cluj County. The aim of the study was to test the treatment effect of lactic and acetic acids on the reduction of psychrotrophic germ load, from the surface of beef and pork. From the obtained data, it had been established that on the surface of the carcasses the psychrotrophe count differed, with values situated between 9.0 x 10-5 and 1.0 x 10-9 ufc/cm2 in the case of beef, and 1.48 x 10-5 and 1.68 x 10-6 ufc/cm2 in the case of pork. After applying the acetic and lactic acids solutions, of 3% and 5% concentration, on the surface of the bovine carcasses, the total germ number was situated between 1,1 x 10-5 and 2,48 x 10-8 ufc/cm2 and for the pig carcasses between 5,18 x 10-3 and 1,62 x 10-7 ufc/cm2. Following the treatment with organic acids, a reduction of total germ number on the meat surface is observed, of up to 109 times compared to control sample, in the case of beef and up to 147 times for the pork carcasses

EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NUMBER AND CELL CONFIGURATION IN GOAT MILK

In EU, the legal upper limit for the number of the somatic cells in goat milk is 1000000 cells/ml, however, frequently, the farmers cannot respect this limit [Droke et al., 1993]. The reasearch was carried out on 70 samples of milk from individuals from a group of 10 goats from a population from Cluj county, Romania. The study was carried out during the entire period of lactation (March – September 2005). The samples were collected in sterile recipients, each sample being investigated individualy at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. The method ISO 13366-1 was used for the counting of the somatic cells and the May Grunwald Giemsa method for the cytomorphological examination of the milk sediment

THE MORPHOPATHOLOGICAL LESIONS OF THE EYEBALL IN THE EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES IN RAT

The researches continue the observations on the experimental diabetes induced with Streptozotocin in rat. In the induced diabetes there were observed infiltrative lesions of oedema type in the retina, oedema of the cilliary processes, predominant neutrophilic infiltrate into the lens. In the control group (healthy) and in the groups with induced diabetes, treated for a period of two months with ERIDIAROM® and with DIAVIT (original phytotherapeutic products) the changes were of little intensity and without morphopathological relevance

MICROBIAL CHANGES ON THE SURFACE OF PORK CARCASSES DUE LACTIC AND ACETIC ACIDS DECONTAMINATION

We studied the microbial changes on warm pork carcasses immediately after applying of lactic acid solutions and during chilled storage. The research material was represented by 10 pork samples collected in November 2006 – may 2007 period, from a slaughterhouse in Cluj County. Lactic acid decontamination (LAD) included aspersion of solutions of 3%-5% lactic and acetic acid. The bactericidal activity of lactic acid killed mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Reductions in total psychrotrophic Gram-negative and Enterobacteriaceae counts were found reliable indicators for the efficacy of LAD. 3% LAD treatments achieved overall reductions in total psychrotrophic count of 1.42 log ufc/cm2 in case of acetic acid and 1.74 log ufc/cm2 in case of lactic acid. Overall reductions in psihtrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 0.25 log ufc/cm2 in case of lactic acid and 0.90 log ufc/cm2 in case of acetic aci

MICROBIOLOGICAL HAZARD EVALUATION REPRESENTED BY THE PSYCHROTROPHIC GERMS FRO THE LEVEL OF AVIAN CARCASSES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychrotrophic germ contamination level from the level of refrigerated broiler carcasses. The research material was represented by 24 broiler carcass samples collected in November 2006 – May 2008 period, from a slaughterhouse in Cluj County. Following the statistic interpretation of gathered data we found that the psychrotrophic load was sitauated between 2.88±0.32 log ufc/g and 4.32±0.42 log ufc/g. From the psychrotrophic bacteria group we found that the pseudomonads are predominant, the level of contamination is relatively low, comprised between 2.92±0.27 log ufc/g and 4.24±0.31 log ufc/g. Regarding the bacterial configuration at the surface of broiler carcasses, we found that Gram negative germs are predominant - 70.26 %, while Gram positive species wer of a percent of 29.44 %. From the Gram positive group, 7.01 % are staphilococcs, 3.44% streptococcs, 8.77% micrococcs and 10.52% acid-lactic bacteri

EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL LOAD AND CONFIGURATION OF RAW MILK FROM COLLECTING CENTERS IN CLUJ COUNTY

This study had as aim the evaluation of the microbial load and configuration of raw milk from different collecting centers. The research material was represented by 24 raw milk samples collected in December 2007 – may 2008 period, from a milk processing in Cluj county. The aerobic mesophillic load of raw milk presented different values, being comprised between 4.24±0.0.12 log ufc/ml and 7.39±0.0.45 log ufc/ml, 38.75% from the total number of milk samples crossing the limit of 6.0 log ufc/ml (106 ufc/ml). Regarding the psychrotrophic bacterial load it was noticed that this varried, being situated between 4.65±0.16 log ufc/ml and 7.59±0.45 log ufc/ml. The microbial configuration of raw milk destined to processing in the unit taken into study, was represented by ferms from the following genus: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Serratia, Hafnia, Proteus and Escherichia. Following data analysis, we found that the flora of refrigerated raw milk is dominated by psychrotrophic germs (63.8%), from which a great part is represented by bacteria from genus Pseudomonas

Diffuse scattering from the lead-based relaxor ferroelectric PbMg_1/3Ta_2/3O_3

The relaxor ferroelectric PbMg_1/3Ta_2/3O_3 was studied by single-crystal neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction and its detailed atomic structure has been modeled in terms of static Pb-displacements that lead to the formation of polar nanoregions. Similar to the other members of the Pb-based relaxor family like PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O_3 or PbZn_1/3Nb_2/3O_3 the diffuse scattering in the [H,0,0]/[0,K,0] scattering plane has a butterfly-shape around the (h,0,0) Bragg reflections and is transverse to the scattering vector for (h,h,0) peaks. In the [H,H,0]/[0,0,L] plane the diffuse scattering is elongated along the directions and is transverse to the scattering vector for (h,h,h) reflections. We find that a model consisting of correlated Pb-displacements along the -directions reproduces the main features of the diffuse scattering in PbMg_1/3Ta_2/3O_3 adequately when the correlation lengths between the Pb-ion displacement vectors are longest along the and and shortest along directions.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B. Version2: revised with minor correction