Yield Response and Competition Ability of Italian Ryegrass, Red Clover and Their Mixture to Different Technological Conditions�

The effect of different technological conditions on forage yield, growth behavior and competition ability of ryegrass, red clover and their mixture was analyzed. The results showed that red clover makes better use of the nutrition space in the case of variants sown in mixture with Italian ryegrass than in the monoculture, independent of the density of the plants or fertilization regime. The highest DM production was obtained at the mixture formed by red clover and Italian ryegrass on the variants sown on 12.5 cm distance between rows, the increase of the nutrition space being directly proportional to the decrease of the DM production in the case of this forage mixture

Determination of alfalfa crude fiber, NDF, ADF and lignin content by NIR spectrometry

From all forage crops, which together with meadows have a major contribution in ensuring the forage base,, alfalfa crop (Medicago sativa L.) occupies a position of great importance. This plant is distinguished by its forage value, high cultivation area and high digestibility, and from the point of view of farmers and world's agricultural sciences is considered to be the "Queen of Fodder Herbs". In order to determine the quality of alfalfa, a series of classical analysis for cellulose, NDF, ADF and ADL were performed. This paper proposes a simple and nondestructive technique for rapid determination of these organic substances, method called „Near Infrared Spectrophotometry” (NIRS). In this purpose samples of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., variety Eugenia) were obtained at the Experimental Teaching Station, Mănăştur and Cojocna Farm, in the years 2008-2009. Alfalfa crop was seeded by randomized block method with two experimental factors. The highest content of crude fiber, NDF and ADL was recorded on the phenophase of seeds formation (33.21%, 70.31% , respectively 15.15%). The lowest content recorded (31.14%) was the ADF content during the phenophase - seed formation. Good results (successful results) were obtained for the calibration of NIRS device (SEP = 1.058 [CF], 0964 [NDF], 1041 [ADF] and 1209 [ADL]). This system allows us to use NIRS technique for determining organic matter derived from alfalfa to feed and for other feed quality determination

Influence of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on Grassland from Transilvanian Plateau

Mineral and organic fertilization have a huge effect on natural grasslands. The purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value for grasslands from the Transylvanian Plateau area. In this area has been analyzed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature and nitrogen. Other aspects taken in account were the agronomical and anthropogenic specters. The analyzed grasslands are placed in the perimeter of Gheorgheni village, from Cluj County. Experience includes 20 experimental variants with organic fertilization with combined with mineral fertilization, 5 variants in 4 rehearsals. Each experimental variant is 2 m long X 5 m wide. In most hill meadows the economic efficiency is relatively low, and in order to be increased, it is necessary to apply the whole complex of measures for their improvement, care and exploitation, of which a special role is the application of appropriate treatments that stimulate the development of valuable species. Several researches show that applying fertilizers on grasslands is economically justified since, generally, 1 kg of active element results in an increase of 80-100 kg of green matter

Semiconductor 1.7 W Volume Bragg Laser With Divergence Close To A Diffraction Limit

Novel volume Bragg laser (VOBLA) with two photo-thermo-refractive volume Bragg gratings feedback is studied on the basis of 150-um-stripe LD. High-efficient, near diffraction-limited operation at power of 1.7W and spectral width of 250pm are demonstrated. © 2004 Optical Society of America

Volume Phase Plates For Optical Beam Control

Permanent binary phase plates with high tolerance to laser radiation are recorded in the volume of photo-thermo-refractive glass using binary amplitude masks. Conversion of a Gaussian beam to higher order modes is shown. © 2010 OSA /FiO/LS 2010

Volume Phase Plates For Optical Beam Control

Permanent binary phase plates with high tolerance to laser radiation are recorded in the volume of photo-thermo-refractive glass using binary amplitude masks. Conversion of a Gaussian beam to higher order modes is shown. © 2010 OSA /FiO/LS 2010

Holographic Screens In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass

Holographic screens were recorded in Photo-Thermo-Refractive glass. Those screens were recorded in two beams and reference-free configurations. High efficiency screens were used for imaging, low efficiency - for measurement of laser beam parameters. © 2010 Optical society of America