What Does the CMS Measurement of W-polarization Tell Us about the Underlying Theory of the Coupling of W-Bosons to Matter?

We discuss results of the CMS collaboration on the sensitivity of the LHC to $W$ boson polarisation in the process $pp\to W^\pm + jet \to e^\pm jet+\not\!\!P_T$ using the $L_P$ variable directly connected to $\theta^*$ angle of the outgoing lepton in the rest frame of the decaying $W$. We have shown that for a given $L_P$, interference between different polarizations of the $W$-boson is not negligible, and needs to be taken into account when considering the differential cross-section with respect to $L_P$. The $L_P$ variable suggested by CMS collaboration is highly suitable variable to study LHC sensitivity to $g_V,g_A$ couplings of $W$-boson to fermions. We note that the experimental sensitivity to W-boson polarization which is much higher than that to ($g_V,g_A$) parameter space can be turned around and used to identify deviations from the Standard Model as a signal for new physics at the LHC.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. Updated to match the final version published in JHEP with updated figures and polished tex

The Alt-Right and Global Information Warfare

The Alt-Right is a neo-fascist white supremacist movement that is involved in violent extremism and shows signs of engagement in extensive disinformation campaigns. Using social media data mining, this study develops a deeper understanding of such targeted disinformation campaigns and the ways they spread. It also adds to the available literature on the endogenous and exogenous influences within the US far right, as well as motivating factors that drive disinformation campaigns, such as geopolitical strategy. This study is to be taken as a preliminary analysis to indicate future methods and follow-on research that will help develop an integrated approach to understanding the strategies and associations of the modern fascist movement.Comment: Presented and published through IEEE 2019 Big Data Conferenc

First-principles study of ferroelectricity and pressure-induced phase transitions in HgTiO3_3

Ground-state structure is found and pressure-induced phase transitions up to 210 kbar are studied in mercury titanate from first principles within the density functional theory. It is established that the $R3c$ structure experimentally observed in HgTiO$_3$ is metastable at ambient pressure. With increasing the hydrostatic pressure, the ground-state structure changes following the $R{\bar 3} \to R3c \to Pbnm$ sequence. It is shown that the appearance of ferroelectricity in HgTiO$_3$ at $P = 0$ is associated with an unstable phonon mode. Optical and elastic properties of different phases of mercury titanate are calculated. The quasiparticle band gap calculated in the \emph{GW} approximation ($E_g = 2.43$ eV) agrees with experimental data better than the value obtained in the LDA approximation (1.49 eV). Analysis of the thermodynamic stability explains why the synthesis of mercury titanate is possible only at high pressures.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables; to appear in Phase Transition

Aggregate Measures of Income and Output in Canada and the United States: Implications for Productivity and Living Standards

The objectives of this article are to clarify definitions and to produce estimates of the eight aggregate measures of income and product (gross domestic product, gross domestic income, gross national product, gross national income, net domestic product, net domestic income, net national product and net national income) for Canada and the United States over the 1980-2008 period. The article also discusses the implications of the eight measures for productivity and living standards analysis. It concludes that GDP and NDP are the most appropriate measures of output for productivity analysis, while NNI is the most appropriate measure of income for the analysis of living standards because it captures the impact on real income of terms of trade changes, net income received from abroad, and the sustainability of the capital stock.gross domestic product, gross domestic income, gross national product, gross national income, net domestic product, net domestic income,net national product, net national income, productivity, living standards

Symmetry, Compact Closure and Dagger Compactness for Categories of Convex Operational Models

In the categorical approach to the foundations of quantum theory, one begins with a symmetric monoidal category, the objects of which represent physical systems, and the morphisms of which represent physical processes. Usually, this category is taken to be at least compact closed, and more often, dagger compact, enforcing a certain self-duality, whereby preparation processes (roughly, states) are inter-convertible with processes of registration (roughly, measurement outcomes). This is in contrast to the more concrete "operational" approach, in which the states and measurement outcomes associated with a physical system are represented in terms of what we here call a "convex operational model": a certain dual pair of ordered linear spaces -- generally, {\em not} isomorphic to one another. On the other hand, state spaces for which there is such an isomorphism, which we term {\em weakly self-dual}, play an important role in reconstructions of various quantum-information theoretic protocols, including teleportation and ensemble steering. In this paper, we characterize compact closure of symmetric monoidal categories of convex operational models in two ways: as a statement about the existence of teleportation protocols, and as the principle that every process allowed by that theory can be realized as an instance of a remote evaluation protocol --- hence, as a form of classical probabilistic conditioning. In a large class of cases, which includes both the classical and quantum cases, the relevant compact closed categories are degenerate, in the weak sense that every object is its own dual. We characterize the dagger-compactness of such a category (with respect to the natural adjoint) in terms of the existence, for each system, of a {\em symmetric} bipartite state, the associated conditioning map of which is an isomorphism

A cross-sectional analysis of undergraduate medical student attitudes towards interprofessional education

No abstract available