Effects of Surfactant Combinations with Captan for Control of Apple Fruit Rots and Russeting

Surfactants are adjuvants that lower the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants can improve efficacy of fungicides on crops and could reduce the rate and number of fungicide applications. Combining fungicides and surfactants may increase the efficacy of existing control options. However, since some fungicide-surfactant combinations have been reported to cause phytotoxicity, these compounds should be screened. This is the first year of a two-year study to evaluate commercial surfactants+captan for control of apple fruit rot and phytotoxicity

Validation of the Gleason-Duttweiler Warning System for Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Management Using a Modified Relative Humidity Threshold

The appearance of black blotches and blemishes on apples infected with sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi reduces the fresh fruit quality and market value. In order to control the infection of SBFS, most of the growers in North Central region spray fungicide every 10 to 14 days from shortly after petal fall until harvest. The fungicides widely used are thiophanate-methyl and captan, both of which carry substantial safety risks