An application of LANDSAT multispectral imagery for the classification of hydrobiological systems, Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida

Multivariant hydrologic parameters over the Shark River Slough were investigated. Ground truth was established utilizing U-2 infrared photography and comprehensive field data to define a control network which represented all hydrobiological systems in the slough. These data were then applied to LANDSAT imagery utilizing an interactive multispectral processor which generated hydrographic maps through classification of the slough and defined the multispectral surface radiance characteristics of the wetlands areas in the park. The spectral response of each hydrobiological zone was determined and plotted to formulate multispectral relationships between the emittent energy from the slough in order to determine the best possible multispectral wavelength combinations to enhance classification results. The extent of each hydrobiological zone in slough was determined and flow vectors for water movement throughout the slough established

Immersive training for movement sequences: The use of 360° video technology to provide poomsae training in Taekwondo

Background: The use of video technology is an established method of training. As an extended video format, 360° videos expand the potential of conventional videos with immersive and interactive design possibilities and combine conventional video technology with immersive technologies in a resource-saving manner. In sports, 360° videos can be used as tactical training tools to support reflection and analysis and to illustrate movements. In particular, 360° videos can be used to create a recorded authentic learning environment to support observational, multi-perspective training. Approach: This paper presents the use of 360° video training for the observation and imitation of movement sequences in poomsae training in taekwondo (or kata training in karate), using the example of the Taegeuk II Jang poomsae. The successive four-step concept can not only be applied to poomsae training in Taekwondo, but can also be transferred to other predefined movement forms and choreographies. Purpose: By using playback media with different degrees of immersion, the movement sequence can be observed, imitated, and followed in successive steps to enable the feeling of participating in a digital training group. Conclusions: The possible applications of 360° video technology in sports are versatile and offer new, immersive possibilities for simple and accessible training design. Training processes that are predominantly done through observational and imitative learning can be accompanied or shifted to home training with the presented 360° video training concept. In particular, 360° videos are suitable for reflective and observational training due to the multiple perspectives provided by the 360° view, which remain to be evaluated

Word Processors with Line-Wrap: Cascading, Self-Organized Criticality, Random Walks, Diffusion, Predictability

We examine the line-wrap feature of text processors and show that adding characters to previously formatted lines leads to the cascading of words to subsequent lines and forms a state of self-organized criticality. We show the connection to one-dimensional random walks and diffusion problems, and we examine the predictability of catastrophic cascades.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX with RevTeX package, 4 postscript figures appende

Assessing the Effective Energy for Magnetic Forming Processes by Means of Measurements and Numerical Calculation

The efficiency of magnetic sheet metal forming processes is strongly depending on the facility s overall design. This mainly includes the geometric layout of forming tool, work piece and matrix but, however, will also expect the energy storage device being taken into consideration. Apart from field theoretic models the energy storage is describable by its terminal traits which the electric load - tool coil and work piece - is connected to. The paper presents a measuring method for the tool coil s terminal quantities, current i(t) and voltage u(t), which are used to provide the electric power p(t) being transferred to the load. Thus, it is possible to determine the entire energy which is dissipated by the work piece, provided that the coil s resistance is known. Besides the measurement, this approach is supported by numerical calculation intending to take a closer look at the inner losses of the work piece which are not accessible from measuring the system s terminal traits directly. Dividable into separate parts of the total energy, this information is applied to assess the forming process by means of the facility s energetic performance and to draw an overall energy balance

Avalanche statistics of sand heaps

Large scale computer simulations are presented to investigate the avalanche statistics of sand piles using molecular dynamics. We could show that different methods of measurement lead to contradicting conclusions, presumably due to avalanches not reaching the end of the experimental table.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Anomalous Transport in Conical Granular Piles

Experiments on 2+1-dimensional piles of elongated particles are performed. Comparison with previous experiments in 1+1 dimensions shows that the addition of one extra dimension to the dynamics changes completely the avalanche properties, appearing a characteristic avalanche size. Nevertheless, the time single grains need to cross the whole pile varies smoothly between several orders of magnitude, from a few seconds to more than 100 hours. This behavior is described by a power-law distribution, signaling the existence of scale invariance in the transport process.Comment: Accepted in PR

Self-organized criticality in a rice-pile model

We present a new model for relaxations in piles of granular material. The relaxations are determined by a stochastic rule which models the effect of friction between the grains. We find power-law distributions for avalanche sizes and lifetimes characterized by the exponents $\tau = 1.53 \pm 0.05$ and $y = 1.84 \pm 0.05$, respectively. For the discharge events, we find a characteristic size that scales with the system size as $L^\mu$, with $\mu = 1.20 \pm 0.05$. We also find that the frequency of the discharge events decrease with the system size as $L^{-\mu'}$ with $\mu' = 1.20 \pm 0.05$.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, multicol, epsf, rotate (sty files provided). To appear Phys. Rev. E Rapid Communication (Nov or Dec 96

High-temperature extraction of lignocellulosic bio-crude by supercritical carbon dioxide

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was utilized for the fractionation of a pinewood derived hydrothermal liquefaction bio-crude. The experiments were performed at temperature 120 ºC and at pressure levels that correspond to CO2 density of 500, 615 and 730 kg/m3. Extraction yields of 34 to 49 % were achieved, which increased with increasing solvent density. Density was reduced for all extracts (2-10 %) while the H/C ratio increased when compared to the bio-crude. Low boiling point components such as ketones, 1-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and low molecular weight fatty acids were extracted preferentially (K-values up to 11). 1-ring phenols and benzenediols were enriched in the extracts as well (K-values 1-3). Heavy hydrocarbons and long chain fatty acids were extracted at the later stages of extraction when the lighter components were depleted.</p