Physical and chemical characterization of earthworms and humus obtained by vertical vermicomposting

Earthworms culture are usually made horizontally and it is necessary a lot of area. In order to minimize the size of earthworms culture and the possibility to be applied in residences, this paper proposed evaluate conditions for vertical vermicomposting. For this, were purchased vertical boxes and organic matter. The earthworms of species Eisenia andrei, california red earthworms, were used. There were evaluated the adaptation of earthworms and physical and chemical characterization of the humus. Results showed that there was a good adaptation of earthworms in this configuration, minimizing the space required, and it is one technique for environmentally friendly recycling of organic waste, creating a bio-product wich can used as fertilizersEarthworms culture are usually made horizontally and it is necessary a lot of area. In order to minimize the size of earthworms culture and the possibility to be applied in residences, this paper proposed evaluate conditions for vertical vermicomposting. For this, were purchased vertical boxes and organic matter. The earthworms of species Eisenia andrei, california red earthworms, were used. There were evaluated the adaptation of earthworms and physical and chemical characterization of the humus. Results showed that there was a good adaptation of earthworms in this configuration, minimizing the space required, and it is one technique for environmentally friendly recycling of organic waste, creating a bio-product wich can used as fertilizers

AVALIAÇÃO DO FATOR DE BIOACUMULAÇÃO DE CÁDMIO EM MINHOCAS NO PROCESSO DE VERMICOMPOSTAGEM

A vermicompostagem é um processo biotecnológico que utiliza resíduos orgânicos e transforma em materiais ricos em nutrientes. Alguns resíduos podem conter metais pesados como Cd e se torna interessante avaliar a presença deste elemento no processo de adaptação das minhocas, bem como sua disponibilidade após a vermicultura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o Fator de Bioacumulação do Cádmio nas minhocas no processo de vermicompostagem vertical e horizontal e avaliar a biodisponibilidade do metal no composto final. Dessa forma, fez-se a mistura de húmus e esterco bovino na proporção 1:1 e adicionou-se 100 mg Cd kg-1 de substrato úmido, inoculou-se 10 minhocas Eisenia andrei (Vermelha da Califórnia) em minhocários na forma vertical e horizontal por 60 dias. Conforme resultados, houve aumento da biomassa das minhocas em ambos tipos de minhocários. No teste de fuga, as minhocas rejeitaram o meio contaminado. O fator de bioacumulação foi maior que 1, portanto, evidencia-se o acumulo de Cd nos tecidos. Em relação à concentração de Cd nos substratos durante o processo de vermicompostagem não houve diferenças estatísticas, constatando que não houve diminuição do metal no composto

A SIMULAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINOAPRENDIZAGEM EM ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Simulation, as teaching-learning methodology, is an instrument potentially transformative of formative practice in health, which focuses on the qualification of professionals and produces technical competence, ethics and politics in order to deal with the health problems in which these professionals are inserted. Given this, this study aims to analyze the use of simulation as a strategy for teaching-learning in Nursing. It is an integrative review of literature, from scientific publications indexed in the databases online Lilacs, Pubmed and Rev Enf., during 2010 and 2016. Following the search criteria, the sample was composed of 39 scientific articles, predominantly English-language articles 56% being the majority published in international journals, 59% (23) and 41% (16) published in national journals. The results demonstrated that most of them used the simulation with high-fidelity models in the process of nursing education for the development of knowledge and technical skills. The 39 studied articles were categorized in 3 main themes, which were: knowledge and skills, patience safety and self-confidence; thinking critically and reflecting the practice. From the analysis of these studies, the conclusion reached is that the simulation is an active methodology that contributes with the teaching and learning of Nursing since it streamlines the education through innovative strategies that make it possible to promote student’s autonomy, cognitive and psychomotor competence. Simulation is an educational resource which is able to promote a new paradigm in relation to traditional teaching. Keywords: Simulation. Education in Nursing. Learning. Educational TechnologyA simulação como metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem é um instrumento potencialmente transformador da prática formativa em saúde, atentando para a formação de profissionais mais qualificados, produzindo competência técnica, ética e política para o enfrentamento dos problemas de saúde nos quais estejam inseridos. Diante disso, este estudo objetiva analisar a utilização da simulação como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem em enfermagem. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de publicações científicas indexadas nas bases de dados on-line Lilacs, Pubmed e Rev Enf., no período de 2010 a 2016. Seguindo os critérios de busca, a amostra foi composta por 39 artigos científicos, predominando artigos no idioma inglês (56%), sendo sua maioria publicada em periódicos internacionais, 59% (23), e 41% (16) publicados em periódicos nacionais. Os resultados demostraram que a maioria dos estudos utilizou a simulação com manequins de alta fidelidade no processo de ensino de enfermagem para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e habilidades técnicas. Os 39 artigos estudados foram categorizados em três temas principais, conhecimento e habilidades; segurança do paciente e autoconfiança; pensar criticamente e refletir a prática. A partir da análise desses estudos, concluiu-se que a simulação é uma metodologia ativa que contribui no ensino-aprendizagem de enfermagem, pois dinamiza o ensino através de estratégias inovadoras que possibilitam promover a autonomia, a competência cognitiva e a psicomotora dos estudantes. A simulação é um recurso educacional capaz de promover um novo paradigma em relação ao ensino tradicional. &nbsp

AVALIAÇÃO DO FATOR DE BIOACUMULAÇÃO DE CÁDMIO EM MINHOCAS NO PROCESSO DE VERMICOMPOSTAGEM

A vermicompostagem é um processo biotecnológico que utiliza resíduos orgânicos e transforma em materiais ricos em nutrientes. Alguns resíduos podem conter metais pesados como Cd e se torna interessante avaliar a presença deste elemento no processo de adaptação das minhocas, bem como sua disponibilidade após a vermicultura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o Fator de Bioacumulação do Cádmio nas minhocas no processo de vermicompostagem vertical e horizontal e avaliar a biodisponibilidade do metal no composto final. Dessa forma, fez-se a mistura de húmus e esterco bovino na proporção 1:1 e adicionou-se 100 mg Cd kg-1 de substrato úmido, inoculou-se 10 minhocas Eisenia andrei (Vermelha da Califórnia) em minhocários na forma vertical e horizontal por 60 dias. Conforme resultados, houve aumento da biomassa das minhocas em ambos tipos de minhocários. No teste de fuga, as minhocas rejeitaram o meio contaminado. O fator de bioacumulação foi maior que 1, portanto, evidencia-se o acumulo de Cd nos tecidos. Em relação à concentração de Cd nos substratos durante o processo de vermicompostagem não houve diferenças estatísticas, constatando que não houve diminuição do metal no composto

The impact of organic and inorganic selenium on the immune system of growing broilers submitted to immune stimulation and heat stress

One to 42-d-old (432) female broilers were fed different levels of inorganic selenium (ISe) and organic selenium (OSe), according to the following treatments: (1) 0.3 mg ISe; (2) 0.3 mg ISe + 0.2 mg OSe; (3) 0.5 mg ISe and (4) 0.3 mg OSe/ kg of feed. All birds were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (IBD) at 19d of age and three birds/replicate (R) were inoculated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 32d. Three other birds/R received Freund’s adjuvant at 37d and avian tuberculin (AT) in the wattle at 47d of age. All birds were submitted to heat stress after 21d. Performance parameters, bursa and spleen weights, lymphocyte bursa depletion, antibody (Ab) production against IBD and SRBC, hematocrit, leukocytes, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), and cellular reaction to AT were evaluated. The contrast analysis showed that OSe has improved feed intake (FI) between day 1 and 42 (p<0.10). Birds fed ISe presented worse H/L ratio (p<0.10), but higher Ab titers against IBD (p<0.04) and SRBC (p<0.05) than birds fed OSe, but OSe supplemented birds showed lower lymphocyte depletion scores in the bursa. The higher FI promoted by OSe may be beneficial when rearing broilers in hot weather. The use of ISe induced higher humoral immune response

The impact of organic and inorganic selenium on the immune system of growing broilers submitted to immune stimulation and heat stress

One to 42-d-old (432) female broilers were fed different levels of inorganic selenium (ISe) and organic selenium (OSe), according to the following treatments: (1) 0.3 mg ISe; (2) 0.3 mg ISe + 0.2 mg OSe; (3) 0.5 mg ISe and (4) 0.3 mg OSe/ kg of feed. All birds were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (IBD) at 19d of age and three birds/replicate (R) were inoculated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 32d. Three other birds/R received Freund’s adjuvant at 37d and avian tuberculin (AT) in the wattle at 47d of age. All birds were submitted to heat stress after 21d. Performance parameters, bursa and spleen weights, lymphocyte bursa depletion, antibody (Ab) production against IBD and SRBC, hematocrit, leukocytes, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), and cellular reaction to AT were evaluated. The contrast analysis showed that OSe has improved feed intake (FI) between day 1 and 42 (p<0.10). Birds fed ISe presented worse H/L ratio (p<0.10), but higher Ab titers against IBD (p<0.04) and SRBC (p<0.05) than birds fed OSe, but OSe supplemented birds showed lower lymphocyte depletion scores in the bursa. The higher FI promoted by OSe may be beneficial when rearing broilers in hot weather. The use of ISe induced higher humoral immune response

Proposta brasileira de metadados para Objetos de Aprendizagem Baseados em Agentes (OBAA)

This paper presents the Agent Based Learning Objects - OBAA standard proposal. The main goal of the research was to establish a standardized specification of the technical and functional requirements of learning objects that should allow the interoperability of the contents between Web and Digital TV environment, supporting accessibility and pedagogical issues. In this proposal it has been explored the convergence among the multiagent systems, LO and ubiquitous computing technologies, allowing the authoring, storage and recovery of LO in varied contexts and through different digital platforms. The result of this research was the definition of the OBAA proposal containing the requirements, specifications and architectures that will compose the Brazilian standard for the management, transmission, storage, search, editing and use of LO that can be distributed and used in an integrated manner within the Web platforms, mobile devices and Digital TV