Soybean aphid biotype 1 genome: Insights into the invasive biology and adaptive evolution of a major agricultural pest

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of the soybean plant, Glycine max, a major world-wide agricultural crop. We assembled a de novo genome sequence of Ap. glycines Biotype 1, from a culture established shortly after this species invaded North America. 20.4% of the Ap. glycines proteome is duplicated. These in-paralogs are enriched with Gene Ontology (GO) categories mostly related to apoptosis, a possible adaptation to plant chemistry and other environmental stressors. Approximately one-third of these genes show parallel duplication in other aphids. But Ap. gossypii, its closest related species, has the lowest number of these duplicated genes. An Illumina GoldenGate assay of 2380 SNPs was used to determine the world-wide population structure of Ap. Glycines. China and South Korean aphids are the closest to those in North America. China is the likely origin of other Asian aphid populations. The most distantly related aphids to those in North America are from Australia. The diversity of Ap. glycines in North America has decreased over time since its arrival. The genetic diversity of Ap. glycines North American population sampled shortly after its first detection in 2001 up to 2012 does not appear to correlate with geography. However, aphids collected on soybean Rag experimental varieties in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), and Wisconsin (WI), closer to high density Rhamnus cathartica stands, appear to have higher capacity to colonize resistant soybean plants than aphids sampled in Ohio (OH), North Dakota (ND), and South Dakota (SD). Samples from the former states have SNP alleles with high FST values and frequencies, that overlap with genes involved in iron metabolism, a crucial metabolic pathway that may be affected by the Rag-associated soybean plant response. The Ap. glycines Biotype 1 genome will provide needed information for future analyses of mechanisms of aphid virulence and pesticide resistance as well as facilitate comparative analyses between aphids with differing natural history and host plant range

Impact of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b with and without a booster dose on meningitis in four South American countries

Fil: García, Salvador. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Lagos, Rosanna. Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo (CVD-Chile), Santiago; Chile.Fil: Muñoz, Alma. Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo (CVD-Chile), Santiago; Chile.Fil: Picón, Teresa. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Rosa, Raquel. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Alfonso, Adriana. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Abriata, Graciela. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Angela. Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Epidemiología, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Romanin, Viviana. Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Epidemiología, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Chiavetta, Laura. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Agudelo, Clara Inés. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Castañeda, Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: De la Hoz, Fernando. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Higuera, Ana Betty. Secretaria de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Arce, Patricia. Secretaria de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Cohen, Adam L.. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Estados Unidos.Fil: Verani, Jennifer. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Estados Unidos.Fil: Zuber, Patrick. Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva; Suiza.Fil: Gabastou, Jean-Marc. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pastor, Desiree. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Flannery, Brendan. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Andrus, Jon. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.To inform World Health Organization recommendations regarding use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines in national immunization programs, a multi-country evaluation of trends in Hib meningitis incidence and prevalence of nasopharyngeal Hib carriage was conducted in four South American countries using either a primary, three-dose immunization schedule without a booster dose or with a booster dose in the second year of life. Surveillance data suggest that high coverage of Hib conjugate vaccine sustained low incidence of Hib meningitis and low prevalence of Hib carriage whether or not a booster dose was used

Impact of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b with and without a booster dose on meningitis in four South American countries

Fil: García, Salvador. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Lagos, Rosanna. Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo (CVD-Chile), Santiago; Chile.Fil: Muñoz, Alma. Centro para Vacunas en Desarrollo (CVD-Chile), Santiago; Chile.Fil: Picón, Teresa. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Rosa, Raquel. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Alfonso, Adriana. National Immunization Program and Department of Epidemiologic Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Abriata, Graciela. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Angela. Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Epidemiología, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Romanin, Viviana. Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Epidemiología, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Regueira, Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Chiavetta, Laura. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Agudelo, Clara Inés. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Castañeda, Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: De la Hoz, Fernando. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Higuera, Ana Betty. Secretaria de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Arce, Patricia. Secretaria de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá; Colombia.Fil: Cohen, Adam L.. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Estados Unidos.Fil: Verani, Jennifer. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Estados Unidos.Fil: Zuber, Patrick. Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva; Suiza.Fil: Gabastou, Jean-Marc. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pastor, Desiree. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Flannery, Brendan. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.Fil: Andrus, Jon. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC; Estados Unidos.To inform World Health Organization recommendations regarding use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines in national immunization programs, a multi-country evaluation of trends in Hib meningitis incidence and prevalence of nasopharyngeal Hib carriage was conducted in four South American countries using either a primary, three-dose immunization schedule without a booster dose or with a booster dose in the second year of life. Surveillance data suggest that high coverage of Hib conjugate vaccine sustained low incidence of Hib meningitis and low prevalence of Hib carriage whether or not a booster dose was used

Safety and immunogenicity of an Haemophilus influenzae type b – tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) and diphteria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) combination vaccine administered in a dual-chamber syringe to infants in Belgium and Chile

0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Aphis

Key to Aphis apterous viviparae feeding on Hypericum Characters useful to discriminate these species are included in the following morphological key for apterous viviparae, as well as in an online interactive key (Lagos & Voegtlin 2008). Couplets for species (A. hypericiphaga, A. hypericiradicis, A. pavlovski and A. chloris) were adapted from Blackman & Eastop (2006). 1. Ultimate rostral segment without accessory setae. Antennae five segmented. Abdomen with dorsal sclerites. Waxy black aphid on H. kalmianum (Figure 1, Figure 8 A)........................................................... mizzou sp.n. -. Ultimate rostral segment with two or more accessory setae. Antennae six segmented. Abdomen without dorsal sclerites.... 2 2. Siphunculi 0.3–0.7 × length of cauda…..................................................................... 3 -. Siphunculi 0.8–2.5 × length of cauda…..................................................................... 4 3. Cauda with 6–7 setae. Hind coxa, trochanter, cauda and subgenital plate dusky. Siphunculi dark. Body reddish, dorsum cov- ered with wax. (Figure 5, Figure 8 B)................................................................ hyperici -. Cauda with 12 or more setae. Hind trochanter, cauda, siphunculi, and subgenital plate pale. Body pale yellowish and greenish. Oval wax patches laterally on abdominal and thoracic segments. (Figure 8 C).......................... hypericiphaga 4. Dome-like marginal tubercles on all abdominal segments….................................................... 5 -. Dome-like marginal tubercles restricted to abdominal tergites 1 and 7 ….......................................... 6 5. Antenna VI Pt/Base 2.2–2.8. Marginal tubercles on abdominal tergites 1–4 and 7........................ hypericiradicis -. Antenna VI Pt/Base 1.5–1.7. Marginal tubercles on all abdominal tergites.............................. …. pavlovski 6. Cauda dark, with 4–7 setae. Antenna VI Pt/Base 1.6–2.1 …............................................... chloris -. Cauda pale, with 5–7 setae. Antenna VI Pt/Base 2.4–3.1 …............................................... gossypiiPublished as part of Lagos, Doris M., Puttler, Benjamin, Voegtlin, David J. & Giordano, Rosanna, 2012, A new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Missouri on St. John's Wort, Hypericum kalmianum, and re-description of Aphis hyperici Monell, pp. 81-92 in Zootaxa 3478 on page 91, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21001

Aphis mizzou Lagos and Puttler, sp.n.

Aphis mizzou Lagos and Puttler sp.n. Diagnosis. A. mizzou is considered to be a new species because the antennae of both the apterous and alate viviparae are five-segmented and the ultimate rostral segment has no accessory setae. The dorsal abdomen has sclerites and the cuticle is strongly reticulate. The secondary sensoria of alatae are arranged in a single row. Both apterous and winged viviparous females are black in life. Apterous viviparae (n= 18 specimens) (Figure 1). Color in life: Head, thorax and abdomen black dusted with white wax. Femora black, and tibiae yellowish (Figure 8 A). Color on slide and morphological characters: Head: Dark. Antennal tubercles undeveloped. Antenna five-segmented, shorter than body. Antennal segments: first, second, apical part of fourth and fifth dusky; the other segments pale. Secondary sensoria absent on all antennal segments. Rostrum extending to mesocoxae, ultimate rostral segment without accessory setae. Thorax: Coxae dark and trochanters dusky. Femora dark except at the base. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky. Abdomen: Cauda dark, tongue-shaped, with 6–11 setae. Siphunculi dark, lightly imbricated, without flange. Marginal sclerites pale. Pre-siphuncular and post-siphuncular sclerites absent. Marginal tubercles present on abdominal segments I and VII, absent from II, III, and IV. Dorsum of abdomen with wide transverse sclerites on VII and VIII, short band on VI, and scattered smaller sclerites on other abdominal segments. Abdominal tergite VIII with 2 setae. Sub-genital plate dusky, complete, with 1–3 anterior setae. Cuticle strongly reticulated. For morphometric data see Table 2. Alate viviparae (n= 20 specimens) (Figure 2). Color in life: Head, thorax and abdomen black covered dusted with white wax. Wings yellowish, transparent. Femora black, and tibiae yellowish (Figure 8 A). Color on slide and morphological characters: Head: Dark. Antennal tubercles undeveloped. Antenna five-segmented. shorter than body. All antennal segments dark. Antennal segments III and IV with secondary sensoria arranged in a single row. Rostrum does not reach the metacoxae, ultimate rostral segment without accessory setae. Thorax: Coxae and trochanters dark. Femora dark except at the base. Tibiae pale, darkening near distal tip. Tarsi dusky or dark. Abdomen: Cauda dark finger shaped, with 7–12 setae. Siphunculi dark, imbricated without flange. Marginal sclerites dark. Pre-siphuncular sclerite absent. Post-siphuncular sclerite dark. Marginal tubercles present on abdominal segments I and VII, and sometimes on II, III, and/or IV. Dorsal abdomen with transverse sclerites on VI, and VIII. Abdominal tergite VIII with 2 setae. Sub-genital plate dark, complete, with 2–4 setae on anterior part. Holotype apterous viviparous female (specimen number 511,101). Body 1.78, URS 0.09, accessory setae absent, antennal segments: III 0.28, IV 0.11, B 0.10, Pt 0.12, LHIII 0.007, hind tibiae 0.62, HT 2 0.12, tubercle I 0.028, tubercle VII 0.030, siphunculi 0.08, cauda 0.20, with 8 setae, abdominal tergite VIII with 2 setae, subgenital plate with 2 setae on anterior margin. Biology: Biological observations were first made on A. mizzou in 2005. The new species was not observed again until 2008 and was subsequently found in 2009, 2010 and 2011. It was not found on other Hypericum species growing on the campus of the University of Missouri, such as H. calycinum and a hybrid species H. “Hidcote”. Etymology: This species is named after the nickname for the Columbia campus of the University of Missouri, “ mizzou ”. Type material: Holotype: Apterous viviparous female, 511,101, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 38.9073 °N – 92.2805 °W, Boone County, MO, 12.v. 2009, on Hypericum kalmianum, B. Puttler, in Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) Insect Collection, Urbana. Paratypes: 1 alate viviparae, 4 apterous viviparae, 510,273–510,274, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 38.9073 °N – 92.2805 °W, Boone County, MO, 5.v. 2008, on H. kalmianum, B. Puttler; 1 alate vivipara, 5 apterous viviparous, 510354, 510355, 511,099 – 511,100, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 38.9073 °N – 92.2805 °W, Boone County, MO, 12.v. 2009, on H. kalmianum, B. Puttler. 14 alate viviparae, 511,102–511,113, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 38.9073 °N – 92.2805 °W, Boone County, MO, 20.iv. 2009, on H. kalmianum, B. Puttler; 9 alate viviparae, 7 apterous vivipara, 511,114–511,122, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 38.9073 °N – 92.2805 °W, Boone County, MO, 20.v. 2009, on H. kalmianum, B. Puttler. Paratypes are deposited at the INHS Insect Collection and W. R. Enns Entomology Museum, University of Missouri. Discussion: All collections of this species have been made in early spring and initially it was thought that A. mizzou might be the fundatrix morph of A. hyperici. However the color, in life, of both aphids observed on the same host plant, H. kalmianum, and at the same time in the field is different. Both species are dusted with wax but A. hyperici has a reddish body color while A. mizzou is black (Figure 8). It also is found primarily on new terminal growth and stems rather than on the underside of leaves that is the usual feeding site for A. hyperici. Further research needs to be focus on where this species spends the remainder of the year since its populations disappear from Hypericum by early summer. In contrast A. hyperici can be found on its host plant throughout the growing season. Phylogenetic analysis: An analysis was performed using EF 1 -α sequences alone and combined with COI, to test the relationship of A. hypericiphaga to A. hyperici and A. mizzou (A. hypericiphaga sequence was obtained from GenBank, accession number EU 358915). Pairwise distances for COI and EF 1 -α were calculated using the Kimura 2 Parameter distance model (Kimura 1980) in PAUP 4.0b 10 (Swofford 2001). PAUP was used to generate Neighbor-joining trees to graphically represent the distance between sequences. A total of 50 sequences for COI and EF 1 -α were used in this study and are available in GenBank under the following accession numbers JQ 860251 to JQ 860275 for COI and JQ 860276 to JQ 860298 for EF 1 -α (Table 1). Using COI, pairwise sequence divergence between A. hyperici and A. mizzou is 3.2 %. Foottit et al. (2008) cite numerous examples with intraspecific sequence divergence of less than 2 % in Aphis and other genera. Values of pairwise distances for the nuclear gene EF 1 -α are more conserved (Table 3). Pairwise comparisons using this latter gene between the morphologically closely related species A. hyperici and A. mizzou is 0.8 %, and of these two species to A. hypericiphaga is 2.9 % and 3.3 % respectively. Interestingly, A. hypericiphaga appears to be more closely related to A. gossypii (0.9 % EF 1 -α) than to the native American species included in this study (Figs. 3 and 4). Graphical representation of the Kimura 2 parameter distances of concatenated genes for all taxa, with the exception of A. hypericiphaga, indicates that A. hyperici and A. mizzou share the same clade as A. pulchella and A. fabae (Fig. 4).Published as part of Lagos, Doris M., Puttler, Benjamin, Voegtlin, David J. & Giordano, Rosanna, 2012, A new species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Missouri on St. John's Wort, Hypericum kalmianum, and re-description of Aphis hyperici Monell, pp. 81-92 in Zootaxa 3478 on pages 84-87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21001