Aircraft maneuver envelope warning system

A maneuver envelope warning system for an aircraft having operating limits, operating condition sensors and an indicator driver. The indicator driver has a plurality of visual indicators. The indicator driver determines a relationship between sensed operating conditions and the operating limits; such as, a ratio therebetween. The indicator driver illuminates a number of the indicators in proportion to the determined relationship. The position of the indicators illuminated represents to a pilot in an easily ascertainable manner whether the operational conditions are approaching operational limits of the aircraft, and the degree to which operational conditions lie within or exceed operational limits

Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions and Electric Consumption: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve? An Empirical Study for North America Countries

The goal of this paper is validity the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for north America countries (Canada, United States and Mexico) over the annual period 1980–2008. Pedroni cointegration tests are applied for testing long-run relationship between the variables. Using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) determinate the elasticities of the long-run relationships. The results show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship. Finally, in the long-run, the results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth to CO2 emissions in North America. Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Economic Growth. JEL Classifications: C33, Q4, Q43, Q5

Usando o método de controle sintético para analisar a eficácia do Protocolo de Kyoto para reduzir as emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O na Espanha

This article examines the effect of the Kyoto Protocol in Spain, specifically the effectiveness of the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol (kp) on reducing CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions in Spain is studied. For this purpose, it was used two sets of panel data that consist in information at country-level (donor pool made up for country information) and at state-level (donor group made up of information from us states). To obtain a consistent estimate on the effect of the Kyoto Protocol in Spain, the synthetic control method (scm) that allows to perform an adequate contrast hypothesis was used. The findings indicate that there is no reducing effect of emissions for the gases studied; however, the evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol (kp) predicts a series of complications that may allude to the findings depending on the econometric approach used. These findings are consistent with the evidence thatshows a null effect of the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), and contribute to measure the impact of the Kyoto Protocol (PK) on emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O in Spain.En este artículo se examina el efecto del Protocolo de Kioto en España, específicamente se estudia la efectividad de los objetivos del Protocolo de Kioto (pk) en reducir las emisiones de CO2, CH4 y N2O en España. Para tal propósito se utilizaron dos conjuntos de datos de panel conformados por información a nivel país (grupo donante formado por información de países) y a nivel estado (grupo donante integrado por información de los estados de Estados Unidos). Para obtener una estimación consistente sobre el efecto del Protocolo de Kioto en España, se utilizó el método de control sintético (mcs), el cual permitió realizar una adecuada hipótesis de contraste. Los hallazgos indican que no existe un efecto de reducciónde emisiones para los gases estudiados, no obstante, la evaluación del pk prevéuna serie de complicaciones que puede aludir a los descubrimientos dependiendo del enfoque econométrico que se emplee. Los hallazgos son consistentes con la evidencia previa que concluye un efecto nulo del Protocolo de Kioto, y contribuye midiendo el impacto del Protocolo de Kioto en emisiones de CO2, CH4 y N2O en España.Este artigo examina o efeito do Protocolo de Quioto na Espanha, estudando especificamente a efetividade dos objetivos do Protocolo de Quioto (pq) na redução das emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O na Espanha. Para este propósito, foram utilizados dois conjuntos de dados de painel que consistem em informação a nível de país (conjunto de doadores composto por informação de país) e a nível de estado (grupo de doadores composto de informação de estados dos eua). Para obter uma estimativa consistente sobre o efeito do Protocolo de Kyoto na Espanha, utilizou-se o método de controle sintético (mcs) que permite realizar uma hipótese de contraste adequada. Os resultados indicam que não há efeito de redução de emissões para os gases estudados; entretanto, a avaliação do Protocolo de Quioto prevê uma série de complicações que podem aludir aos achados, dependendo da abordagem econométrica utilizada. Estes resultados são consistentes com as evidências que mostram um efeito nulo da eficácia do Protocolo de Quioto, e contribuem para medir o impacto do Protocolo de Quioto sobre as emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O em Espanha

From Population Age Structure and Savings Rate to Economic Growth: Evidence from Ecuador

This paper studied the relationship between the dependency ratio, savings rate and real GDP for Ecuador for the period 1975–2015. Starting with the unit root tests given the use of time series and the cointegration results, the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) were used to show the relationship between the variables in the long-run. In the short-run, vector error correction model (VECM) was applied to estimate the relationship.  In several degrees, the long-run relationship between the dependency ratio, savings rate and real GDP was proved; Granger causality tests show a one-way causality running from the savings rate to GDP per capita. The interaction between the variables in the post-sample period is also forecast using impulse response functions (IRFs) and variance decomposition (VDC) analysis. The overall result implies that changes in population age structure had a significant impact on real GDP per capita in Ecuador. However, this advantage of the age structure may disappear soon due to the projected rapid increase in the dependency ratio because of ageing of the population which may lead to a slowdown in the GDP growth. Keywords: Cointegration, Dependency ratio, Gross domestic product, Impulse response functions, Savings rate, Structural breaks, Variance decomposition JEL Classifications: J11, J14, O1

The influence of Economic Growth and Electric Consumption on Pollution in South America Countries

This study investigates the influence of Electric Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 emissions in 10 selected South American countries using the period of 1980-2012. Panel data techniques were used in examining the relationships. The Pedroni cointegration results indicated that CO2 emissions, per capita GDP, and electricity power consumption were cointegrated. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least-squares (DOLS) results revealed that GDP growth and Electric Consumption increase CO2 emissions in the long run. The VECM Granger causality test show the causal flows from energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth to CO2 emissions in South America both short and long-run. Policy recommendations were provided for the South American countries. Keywords: South American countries, Pollution, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Electric Consumption, Economic Growth JEL Classifications: Q4, Q5, Q53, Q5

Diseño de una nueva vía de acceso que conecte al redondel shopping con el diseño de un puente frente a la estación de bombeo de aguas lluvias paralelo al rio Babahoyo.

La red vial en la ciudad de Babahoyo, también denominada la cabecera administrativa de la Provincia, es una necesidad. Actualmente existe un tramo de vía incompleto el cual conectará de forma directa el redondel ubicado a la altura del paseo shopping con el centro de la ciudad y la parroquia urbana El Salto, obra que involucra al GAD municipal. Este proyecto presenta como solución, el diseño de un acceso vial y un puente metálico carrozable que estará ubicado a la altura de la planta de bombeo de aguas lluvia de la ciudad. La entrada del nuevo ramal al redondel shopping fue diseñado en base a la guía de Rotondas modernas de la FHWA, el tramo vial se basó en la norma nacional Diseño geométrico de carreteras MOP 2003 y el diseño del puente fue realizado bajo las especificaciones de la AASHTO. Mediante los análisis y diseños respectivos se obtuvo un puente de estructura compuesta de 25 m de longitud conformado por un tablero de hormigón armado y cuatro vigas metálicas de W40x277, apoyados en estribos con muros de ala, direccionando las cargas a pilotes de 15 metros de longitud. El acceso vial se basó en secciones típicas con carriles de 3.60 metros. El proyecto total se cotizó en $625,370.37, donde los costos de mayor demanda son obtenidos por la construcción del puente. Así mismo, se realizó un cronograma donde se estima un tiempo promedio de 89 días laborables para construcción total del proyecto

A Case of Mesenteric Pseudocyst Causing a Massive Abdominal Swelling

We present the case of a 55-year-old man, with a self-limited febrile condition associated to polyserositis with inconclusive investigation. Bilateral pleural and pericardial effusions resolved. The peritoneal fluid loculated and was compatible with an exudate. The patient remained clinically asymptomatic. Two years later, examination revealed a palpable and painless abdominal mass, which imaging study suggested a cystic lesion. Surgical resection was performed and the histological examination revealed a mesenteric pseudocyst. Mesenteric pseudocysts are rare intra-abdominal cystic masses, mostly benign, without causing specific symptoms. Although imaging tests are useful for their differential diagnosis, the histology is mandatory

Advances in robotic lung transplantation: development and validation of a new surgical technique in animal models

Lung transplantation; Minimally invasive; Robotic surgeryTrasplantament de pulmó; Mínimament invasiu; Cirurgia robòticaTrasplante de pulmón; Mínimamente invasiva; Cirugía robóticaThe objective of this study was to describe a novel minimally invasive robotic video-assisted approach for lung transplantation, utilizing a minimally invasive technique with a subxiphoid incision, in an animal experimentation model. Two left robotic-assisted single lung transplants were performed in sheep using a robotic surgical system. A subxiphoid incision was made, and robotic ports were inserted into the thoracic cavity for dissection and anastomoses of the bronchus, artery, and pulmonary veins. The integrity of anastomoses was evaluated, and procedural details were recorded. Both animals survived the procedure, with a mean duration of 255 min and a mean console time of 201 min. Anastomoses were performed without complications, and the closed-chest approach with a subxiphoid incision proved successful in preventing gas leakage. The novel approach demonstrated improved exposure and workflow compared to existing techniques. The minimally invasive robotic video-assisted approach for lung transplantation utilizing a closed-chest technique with a subxiphoid incision appears safe and feasible in an animal experimentation model. Further studies in the clinical setting are warranted to establish its feasibility and safety in human lung transplantation. This approach has the potential to offer benefits over the traditional Clamshell incision in lung transplantation procedures

EL REDISEÑO DE LA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL. DEMANDA OCUPACIONAL SEGÚN POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y TENDENCIAS DE LOS ACTORES Y SECTORES VINCULADOS A LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LA ZONA DE DESARROLLO 5 LITORAL-CENTRO, ECUADOR

The study detailed aspects relevant to the redesign of the Environmental Engineering career, a result of the Redesign project at Quevedo State Technical University, Ecuador. The occupational demand is related to the actual and possible exercise of the profession. As a consequence, it was essential to determine the occupational demand of environmental engineers at the regional and local level, considering the National Plan for Good Living, Organic Code of Territorial Organization, Autonomy and Decentralization, Zonal Development Agenda 5, Provincial Development and Territorial Planning Plans and Municipalities, actors and sectors linked to production. This allowed to justify the formation of new professionals of the race of Environmental Engineering, considering the requirements established in the Regulation of Ecuadorian Academic Regime. In this way, the relationship between the fields of action of future environmental engineers and the local, national and global needs related to the environmental problems faced by human settlements could be evidenced in order to promote the development of society in harmony with nature. The main claimant of skilled labor in environmental issues was private companies, followed by the Decentralized Municipal, Provincial and Rural Autonomous Governments. Based on the needs analysis, the need to train a total of 2565 environmental engineers was projected.  En el estudio se detallaron aspectos relevantes para el rediseño de la carrera Ingeniería Ambiental, resultado del proyecto de Rediseño en la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. La demanda ocupacional se encuentra afín con el ejercicio real y posible de la profesión. En consecuencia, fue fundamental determinar la demanda ocupacional de ingenieros ambientales a nivel regional y local, considerando el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir, Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomía y Descentralización, Agenda de Desarrollo Zonal 5, Planes de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial Provinciales y Municipales, actores y sectores vinculados a la producción. Esto permitió justificar la formación de nuevos profesionales de la carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, considerando los requerimientos establecidos en el Reglamento de Régimen Académico Ecuatoriano. De esta manera, se pudo evidenciar la relación entre los campos de actuación de los futuros ingenieros ambientales y las necesidades locales, nacionales y globales relativas a la problemática ambiental que enfrentan los asentamientos humanos, a fin de promover el desarrollo de la sociedad en armonía con la naturaleza. El principal demandante de mano de obra calificada en temas ambientales fueron las empresas privadas, seguido por los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales, Provinciales, Parroquiales. En base al análisis de las necesidades se proyectó la necesidad de formar un total de 2565 ingenieros ambientales

Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Breast Cancer Cells Is Insensitive to Orai1 and STIM1 N-Linked Glycosylation.

N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects protein function, structure, and interaction with other proteins. The store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) core proteins, Orai1 and STIM1, exhibit N-glycosylation consensus motifs. Abnormal SOCE has been associated to a number of disorders, including cancer, and alterations in Orai1 glycosylation have been related to cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Here we show that treatment of non-tumoral breast epithelial cells with tunicamycin attenuates SOCE. Meanwhile, tunicamycin was without effect on SOCE in luminal MCF7 and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. Ca2+ imaging experiments revealed that expression of the glycosylation-deficient Orai1 mutant (Orai1N223A) did not alter SOCE in MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, expression of the non-glycosylable STIM1 mutant (STIM1N131/171Q) significantly attenuated SOCE in MCF10A cells but was without effect in SOCE in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In non-tumoral cells impairment of STIM1 N-linked glycosylation attenuated thapsigargin (TG)-induced caspase-3 activation while in breast cancer cells, which exhibit a smaller caspase-3 activity in response to TG, expression of the non-glycosylable STIM1 mutant (STIM1N131/171Q) was without effect on TG-evoked caspase-3 activation. Summarizing, STIM1 N-linked glycosylation is essential for full SOCE activation in non-tumoral breast epithelial cells; by contrast, SOCE in breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells is insensitive to Orai1 and STIM1 N-linked glycosylation, and this event might participate in the development of apoptosis resistance