Aircraft maneuver envelope warning system

A maneuver envelope warning system for an aircraft having operating limits, operating condition sensors and an indicator driver. The indicator driver has a plurality of visual indicators. The indicator driver determines a relationship between sensed operating conditions and the operating limits; such as, a ratio therebetween. The indicator driver illuminates a number of the indicators in proportion to the determined relationship. The position of the indicators illuminated represents to a pilot in an easily ascertainable manner whether the operational conditions are approaching operational limits of the aircraft, and the degree to which operational conditions lie within or exceed operational limits

Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions and Electric Consumption: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve? An Empirical Study for North America Countries

The goal of this paper is validity the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for north America countries (Canada, United States and Mexico) over the annual period 1980–2008. Pedroni cointegration tests are applied for testing long-run relationship between the variables. Using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) determinate the elasticities of the long-run relationships. The results show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship. Finally, in the long-run, the results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth to CO2 emissions in North America. Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Economic Growth. JEL Classifications: C33, Q4, Q43, Q5

Usando o método de controle sintético para analisar a eficácia do Protocolo de Kyoto para reduzir as emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O na Espanha

This article examines the effect of the Kyoto Protocol in Spain, specifically the effectiveness of the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol (kp) on reducing CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions in Spain is studied. For this purpose, it was used two sets of panel data that consist in information at country-level (donor pool made up for country information) and at state-level (donor group made up of information from us states). To obtain a consistent estimate on the effect of the Kyoto Protocol in Spain, the synthetic control method (scm) that allows to perform an adequate contrast hypothesis was used. The findings indicate that there is no reducing effect of emissions for the gases studied; however, the evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol (kp) predicts a series of complications that may allude to the findings depending on the econometric approach used. These findings are consistent with the evidence thatshows a null effect of the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), and contribute to measure the impact of the Kyoto Protocol (PK) on emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O in Spain.En este artículo se examina el efecto del Protocolo de Kioto en España, específicamente se estudia la efectividad de los objetivos del Protocolo de Kioto (pk) en reducir las emisiones de CO2, CH4 y N2O en España. Para tal propósito se utilizaron dos conjuntos de datos de panel conformados por información a nivel país (grupo donante formado por información de países) y a nivel estado (grupo donante integrado por información de los estados de Estados Unidos). Para obtener una estimación consistente sobre el efecto del Protocolo de Kioto en España, se utilizó el método de control sintético (mcs), el cual permitió realizar una adecuada hipótesis de contraste. Los hallazgos indican que no existe un efecto de reducciónde emisiones para los gases estudiados, no obstante, la evaluación del pk prevéuna serie de complicaciones que puede aludir a los descubrimientos dependiendo del enfoque econométrico que se emplee. Los hallazgos son consistentes con la evidencia previa que concluye un efecto nulo del Protocolo de Kioto, y contribuye midiendo el impacto del Protocolo de Kioto en emisiones de CO2, CH4 y N2O en España.Este artigo examina o efeito do Protocolo de Quioto na Espanha, estudando especificamente a efetividade dos objetivos do Protocolo de Quioto (pq) na redução das emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O na Espanha. Para este propósito, foram utilizados dois conjuntos de dados de painel que consistem em informação a nível de país (conjunto de doadores composto por informação de país) e a nível de estado (grupo de doadores composto de informação de estados dos eua). Para obter uma estimativa consistente sobre o efeito do Protocolo de Kyoto na Espanha, utilizou-se o método de controle sintético (mcs) que permite realizar uma hipótese de contraste adequada. Os resultados indicam que não há efeito de redução de emissões para os gases estudados; entretanto, a avaliação do Protocolo de Quioto prevê uma série de complicações que podem aludir aos achados, dependendo da abordagem econométrica utilizada. Estes resultados são consistentes com as evidências que mostram um efeito nulo da eficácia do Protocolo de Quioto, e contribuem para medir o impacto do Protocolo de Quioto sobre as emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O em Espanha

The influence of Economic Growth and Electric Consumption on Pollution in South America Countries

This study investigates the influence of Electric Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 emissions in 10 selected South American countries using the period of 1980-2012. Panel data techniques were used in examining the relationships. The Pedroni cointegration results indicated that CO2 emissions, per capita GDP, and electricity power consumption were cointegrated. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least-squares (DOLS) results revealed that GDP growth and Electric Consumption increase CO2 emissions in the long run. The VECM Granger causality test show the causal flows from energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth to CO2 emissions in South America both short and long-run. Policy recommendations were provided for the South American countries. Keywords: South American countries, Pollution, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Electric Consumption, Economic Growth JEL Classifications: Q4, Q5, Q53, Q5

Advances in robotic lung transplantation: development and validation of a new surgical technique in animal models

Lung transplantation; Minimally invasive; Robotic surgeryTrasplantament de pulmó; Mínimament invasiu; Cirurgia robòticaTrasplante de pulmón; Mínimamente invasiva; Cirugía robóticaThe objective of this study was to describe a novel minimally invasive robotic video-assisted approach for lung transplantation, utilizing a minimally invasive technique with a subxiphoid incision, in an animal experimentation model. Two left robotic-assisted single lung transplants were performed in sheep using a robotic surgical system. A subxiphoid incision was made, and robotic ports were inserted into the thoracic cavity for dissection and anastomoses of the bronchus, artery, and pulmonary veins. The integrity of anastomoses was evaluated, and procedural details were recorded. Both animals survived the procedure, with a mean duration of 255 min and a mean console time of 201 min. Anastomoses were performed without complications, and the closed-chest approach with a subxiphoid incision proved successful in preventing gas leakage. The novel approach demonstrated improved exposure and workflow compared to existing techniques. The minimally invasive robotic video-assisted approach for lung transplantation utilizing a closed-chest technique with a subxiphoid incision appears safe and feasible in an animal experimentation model. Further studies in the clinical setting are warranted to establish its feasibility and safety in human lung transplantation. This approach has the potential to offer benefits over the traditional Clamshell incision in lung transplantation procedures

Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Breast Cancer Cells Is Insensitive to Orai1 and STIM1 N-Linked Glycosylation.

N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects protein function, structure, and interaction with other proteins. The store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) core proteins, Orai1 and STIM1, exhibit N-glycosylation consensus motifs. Abnormal SOCE has been associated to a number of disorders, including cancer, and alterations in Orai1 glycosylation have been related to cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Here we show that treatment of non-tumoral breast epithelial cells with tunicamycin attenuates SOCE. Meanwhile, tunicamycin was without effect on SOCE in luminal MCF7 and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. Ca2+ imaging experiments revealed that expression of the glycosylation-deficient Orai1 mutant (Orai1N223A) did not alter SOCE in MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, expression of the non-glycosylable STIM1 mutant (STIM1N131/171Q) significantly attenuated SOCE in MCF10A cells but was without effect in SOCE in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In non-tumoral cells impairment of STIM1 N-linked glycosylation attenuated thapsigargin (TG)-induced caspase-3 activation while in breast cancer cells, which exhibit a smaller caspase-3 activity in response to TG, expression of the non-glycosylable STIM1 mutant (STIM1N131/171Q) was without effect on TG-evoked caspase-3 activation. Summarizing, STIM1 N-linked glycosylation is essential for full SOCE activation in non-tumoral breast epithelial cells; by contrast, SOCE in breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells is insensitive to Orai1 and STIM1 N-linked glycosylation, and this event might participate in the development of apoptosis resistance

Specific genetic markers for detecting subtypes of dengue virus serotype-2 in isolates from the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue (DEN) is an infectious disease caused by the DEN virus (DENV), which belongs to the <it>Flavivirus </it>genus in the family <it>Flaviviridae</it>. It has a (+) sense RNA genome and is mainly transmitted to humans by the vector mosquito <it>Aedes aegypti</it>. Dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). Epidemiological and evolutionary studies have indicated that host and viral factors are involved in determining disease outcome and have proved the importance of viral genotype in causing severe epidemics. Host immune status and mosquito vectorial capacity are also important influences on the severity of infection. Therefore, an understanding of the relationship between virus variants with altered amino acids and high pathogenicity will provide more information on the molecular epidemiology of DEN. Accordingly, knowledge of the DENV serotypes and genotypes circulating in the latest DEN outbreaks around the world, including Mexico, will contribute to understanding DEN infections.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>1. We obtained 88 isolates of DENV, 27 from Oaxaca and 61 from Veracruz. 2. Of these 88 isolates, 16 were serotype 1; 62 serotype 2; 7 serotype 3; and 2 serotype 4. One isolate had 2 serotypes (DENV-2 and -1). 3. Partial nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding C- prM (14 sequences), the NS3 helicase domain (7 sequences), the NS5 S-adenosyl methionine transferase domain (7 sequences) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain (18 sequences) were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DENV-2 isolates belonged to the Asian/American genotype. In addition, the Asian/American genotype was divided into two clusters, one containing the isolates from 2001 and the other the isolates from 2005–2006 with high bootstrap support of 94%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>DENV-2 was the predominant serotype in the DF and DHF outbreak from 2005 to 2006 in Oaxaca State as well as in the 2006 outbreak in Veracruz State, with the Asian/American genotype prevalent in both states. Interestingly, DENV-1 and DENV-2 were the only serotypes related to DHF cases. In contrast, DENV-3 and DENV-4 were poorly represented according to epidemiological data reported in Mexico. We found that isoleucine was replaced by valine at residue 106 of protein C in the isolates from these 2005–2006 outbreaks and in those from the 1997, 1998 and 2001 outbreaks in the Caribbean islands. We suggested that this amino acid change may be used as a signature for isolates arising in the Caribbean islands and pertaining to the Asian/American genotype. Other amino acid changes are specific for the Asian/American, Asian and American strains.</p

Las drogas como problema social y educativo en los jóvenes de Quevedo

Las drogas no solo perjudican a la persona que las toma. A su alrededor muchas otras personas padecen sus consecuencias. Las drogas interfieren en la relación con el entorno, la familia y el trabajo, y pueden llegar a comprometer seriamente el proceso de aprendizaje, especialmente en el caso de los jóvenes y adolescentes. Además, las drogas incrementan el riesgo de sufrir todo tipo de accidentes. Por todo ello, además de las consecuencias individuales, es toda la sociedad (en mayor o menor medida) la que sufre los problemas de las drogas. Y estos problemas son de todo orden: sanitario, económico, cultural, de inseguridad, etc. No es extraño, por lo tanto, que las drogas supongan una preocupación colectiva ni que, para hacer frente a sus consecuencias, muchos paí­ses hayan puesto en marcha polí­ticas de prevención y rehabilitación, con un elevado coste económico