Remoción de iones Ca⁺², Cu⁺², Cd⁺² y Pb⁺² mediante la filtración de una membrana de polipropileno modificada con quitosano

En el presente proyecto de investigación se llevará a cabo la evaluación de la eficiencia de remoción de iones Ca⁺², Cu⁺², Cd⁺² y Pb⁺² utilizando como filtro una membrana de polipropileno modificada con quitosano, en donde se propone que los iones se coordinen con los grupos hidroxilo y amino del polisacárido para remover los iones de la solución acuosa. Se preparan soluciones de concentración conocida de CaSO₄, CuSO₄, CdSO₄ y PbSO₄ conforme a los límites máximos permitidos para agua de uso común establecidos en la NOM-127-SSA1-1994 “Salud Ambiental, agua para uso y consumo humano – límites permisibles de calidad y tratamiento a que debe someterse el agua para su potabilización” para evaluar la eficiencia de remoción de iones en las membranas modificadas, analizando los filtrados por Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica. La eficiencia de la membrana está determinada en función de la máxima remoción de los metales en las soluciones preparadas, las cuales deben presentar valores debajo del límite máximo permisible para cada metal en estudio como se indica en la norma.The present investigation project will evaluate the ions Ca⁺², Cu⁺², Cd⁺² and Pb⁺² for the removal efficiency using a polypropylene modified with chitosan membrane as a filter, is proposed that the ions coordinate with the hydroxyl and amino groups of the polysaccharide for the removal in aqueous solution. Solutions of CaSO₄, CuSO₄, CdSO₄ and PbSO₄ with known concentration are prepared according to the maximum levels permitted for water of common use established in NOM-127-SSA1- 1994 “Environmental health, water for common and human use – quality permitted limits and water treatment for its potabilization” to evaluate the ion removal efficiency for the modified membranes, analyzing the filtered solutions with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The efficiency of the membranes is determined by the maximum metal removal of the prepared solution, which must show values under the maximum limit permitted for each metal in study as written in regulation

SUSTENTABILIDAD Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO OCASIONADO POR EL RELLENO SANITARIO DEL MUNICIPIO DE CARMEN EN CAMPECHE, MÉXICO

Los indicadores de sustentabilidad permiten evaluar los impactos ambientales relacionados con la estrategia del desarrollo sustentable. Este estudio se realizó en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, que es considerada una isla de barrera que se localiza al sureste de México. El municipio canaliza la disposición final de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) a través de un relleno sanitario el cual se encuentra ubicado en una zona de manglar, teniendo un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente lo que incide negativamente en el desarrollo sustentable. Mediante el análisis sedimentológico del subsuelo, se obtuvieron resultados que identificaron la dominancia de arenas carbonatadas, lo que permitió definir un rango de porosidad del 20,2 al 40,1%, y permeabilidad de 102-104 ms1 darcys, es decir, los sedimentos presentan una buena porosidad y una permeabilidad alta. Por su parte, mediante un análisis de la calidad del agua se detectaron concentraciones de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5) y Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) de 63,06 y 1338,13 mg L1, respectivamente, así como la presencia de concentraciones de trazas de algunos metales pesados. Estos valores permitieron clasificarlo como un cuerpo de agua fuertemente contaminado.//The sustainability indicators allow the evaluation of the environmental impacts related to the sustainable development strategy. The research was conducted in ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, whichis considered a barrier island that is located at the southeast of Mexico. The municipality channels the final disposal of solid urban waste (MSW) through a sanitary landfill which is located in a mangrove area, having a negative impact on the environment, which negatively affects the sustainable development. This research identified a sequence of carbonated sands by means of subsoil sediment analysis, which allowed to define a porosity of 20.2 to 40.1% and a permeability of 102-104 ms1, i.e., the sediments have good porous and high permeability. On the other hand, and with respect to water quality, concentrations of BOD5 and COD in the mangrove were 63.06 and 1338.13 mg L1, respectively, as well as the presence of trace concentrations of some heavy metals. These values allowed to classify it as a strongly contaminated body of water

Differences Between Intact and Ovariectomized Hemiparkinsonian Rats in Response to L-DOPA, Melatonin, and L-DOPA/Melatonin Coadministration on Motor Behavior and Cytological Alterations

Parkinson?s disease (PD) higher incidence has been observed in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women, suggesting estrogen neuroprotective effect. L-DOPA (LD) chronic treatment causes dyskinesia; evidences indicate that LD increases the preexisting oxidative stress condition. This study determines melatonin ability, alone or in combination with LD (LD/Mel) to protect dopaminergic loss induced by 6-OHDA in a rat PD model in ovariectomized (OVX) and intact (with ovaries (W/OV)) rats on motor behavior and cytological alterations, comparing with LD-only treated rats. LD/Mel-treated rats showed dyskinesia decrease (score 5–7.5) and had the best performance in the staircase test (five pellets) throughout all studies. The beam walking time was 20–35 s, showing good coordination (as control group (20–38 s)), dopaminergic cells increase of 22.8% (W/OV rats) and 27.2% (OVX rats) in the contralateral side as well as 100% conservation in the contralateral dendritic spines. Our results suggest that LD/Mel co-administration and estrogen presence result in an efficient treatment to reduce dyskinesia through the conservation of some dopaminergic cells, which imply a well-preserved neuropil of a less denervated striatum. We assume that these results are because of a synergistic effect between LD, melatonin and estrogens

Red de tutores del Programa de Acción Tutorial de la Facultad de Económicas (PATEC)

El Plan de Acción Tutorial (PAT, PATEC en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales) se viene desarrollando en la Universidad de Alicante (UA) desde el curso 2005-2006. Tras más de una década de su puesta en marcha en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, el PATEC se ha ido consolidando año a año y, aunque son muchas sus fortalezas, existen aún ciertas debilidades que persisten a las que hay que dar respuesta. Para ello, en el curso 2013-2014 surge la Red de Tutores del PATEC como un punto de encuentro en el que reflexionar sobre el funcionamiento del Programa. En el curso 2015-2016 su objetivo es doble. Por un lado, y continuando la labor que comenzó en el curso anterior referida a analizar experiencias de acción tutorial en otras universidades españolas, extraer las buenas prácticas que supongan un nuevo impulso para el PATEC. Por otro, conocer la experiencia de la primera promoción de alumnos-tutores de la Facultad

GUÍA DE ATENCIÓN PSICOLÓGICA VIRTUAL PARA PERSONAS DE GRUPOS VULNERABLES EN CRISIS POR LA PANDEMIA COVID-19

La Guía de Atención Psicológica Virtual “GAPV_COVID-19” se presenta al lector como una herramienta necesaria para los profesionales de la salud y la salud mental. A pocos meses de tener frente a nosotros una problemática de salud pública mundial desatada por el brote de una nueva cepa de coronavirus, médicos, enfermeros, gobiernos y una sociedad cada vez más informada han buscado materiales médicos-psicológicos de apoyo que logren dar atención y orientación oportuna y científica a personas que no sólo padecen o padecieron la infección por la COVID-19, sino a aquellos individuos que temen infectarse o que han visto frustrados sus días debido al encierro prolongado. En México a más de siete meses del inicio de la cuarentena y de los repuntes constantes de personas infectadas por la nueva cepa, un grupo de científicos sumaron esfuerzos para crear una guía útil, práctica y de distribución electrónica gratuita para sus colegas. Su motivación es atender de manera expedita y con altos niveles de calidad los síntomas y padecimientos de las personas en el entorno actual. Estrés, depresión, ansiedad, preocupación, temor y agresividad, o apatía e incredulidad, son factores que se han acentuado a lo largo de estos meses, y que deben ser atendidos con la mayor celeridad posible. En esta Guía se demuestra que la atención y orientación a los padecimientos y síntomas que ha traído consigo el virus SARS-CoV-2, pueden ser oportunos al trabajar on line, pues los paradigmas de la atencion médica se han transformado. Ya no es necesario, en ciertas zonas del país, acudir personalmente con los profesionales de la salud. Una de las enormes ventajas de contar con dispositivos electrónicos y conexión a Internet, es el acortamiento de distancias entre pacientes y psicólogos, con lo que la atención psicológica virtual se convierte en una poderosa herramienta para el tratamiento urgente. Este esfuerzo por conectar a las personas con los profesionales de la salud mental a través de las nuevas tecnologías digitales, pronto verá sus resultados al dar tratamiento adecuado y puntual a las personas que lo soliciten.CONACyT. Apoyo 000000000312728

Mutational Landscape of CEBPA in Mexican Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Prognostic Implications

BackgroundIn Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) mutations are recurrent in AML, influence prognosis, and help to define treatment strategies. CEBPA mutational profiles and their clinical implications have not been evaluated in Mexican pediatric AML patients.Aim of the StudyTo identify the mutational landscape of the CEBPA gene in pediatric patients with de novo AML and assess its influence on clinical features and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing of CEBPA was performed in 80 patients.ResultsCEBPA was mutated in 12.5% (10/80) of patients. Frameshifts at the N-terminal region were the most common mutations 57.14% (8/14). CEBPA biallelic (CEBPABI) mutations were identified in five patients. M2 subtype was the most common in CEBPA positive patients (CEBPAPOS) (p = 0.009); 50% of the CEBPAPOS patients had a WBC count > 100,000 at diagnosis (p = 0.004). OS > 1 year was significantly better in CEBPA negative (CEBPANEG) patients (p = 0.0001). CEBPAPOS patients (either bi- or monoallelic) had a significantly lower OS (p = 0.002). Concurrent mutations in FLT3, CSF3R, and WT1 genes were found in CEBPAPOS individuals. Their contribution to poor OS cannot be ruled out.ConclusionCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of CEBPAPOS was in the range reported for pediatric AML (4.5–15%). CEBPA mutations showed a negative impact on OS as opposed to the results of other studies

IKZF1plus is a frequent biomarker of adverse prognosis in Mexican pediatric patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BackgroundRecurrent genetic alterations contributing to leukemogenesis have been identified in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), and some are useful for refining classification, prognosis, and treatment selection. IKZF1plus is a complex biomarker associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by IKZF1 deletion coexisting with PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, or PAR1 region deletions. The mutational spectrum and clinical impact of these alterations have scarcely been explored in Mexican pediatric patients with B-ALL. Here, we report the frequency of the IKZF1plus profile and the mutational spectrum of IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, and ERG genes and evaluate their impact on overall survival (OS) in a group of patients with B-ALL.MethodsA total of 206 pediatric patients with de novo B-ALL were included. DNA was obtained from bone marrow samples at diagnosis before treatment initiation. A custom-designed next-generation sequencing panel was used for mutational analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for OS estimation.ResultsWe identified the IKZF1plus profile in 21.8% of patients, which was higher than that previously reported in other studies. A significantly older age (p=0.04), a trend toward high-risk stratification (p=0.06), and a decrease in 5-year Overall Survival (OS) (p=0.009) were observed, although heterogeneous treatment protocols in our cohort would have impacted OS. A mutation frequency higher than that reported was found for IKZF1 (35.9%) and CDKN2A/2B (35.9%) but lower for PAX5 (26.6%). IKZF1MUT group was older at diagnosis (p=0.0002), and most of them were classified as high-risk (73.8%, p=0.02), while patients with CDKN2A/2BMUT had a higher leukocyte count (p=0.01) and a tendency toward a higher percentage of blasts (98.6%, >50% blasts, p=0.05) than the non-mutated patients. A decrease in OS was found in IKZF1MUT and CDKN2A/2BMUT patients, but the significance was lost after IKZF1plus was removed.DiscussionOur findings demonstrated that Mexican patients with B-ALL have a higher prevalence of genetic markers associated with poor outcomes. Incorporating genomic methodologies into the diagnostic process, a significant unmet need in low- and mid-income countries, will allow a comprehensive identification of relevant alterations, improving disease classification, treatment selection, and the general outcome

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo