Propriedades funcionais-digestivas do concentrado de fibra alimentar obtido de mandioca

Starch factories generate large amounts of cassava solid waste. A small amount is utilized for animal feed but most of it is discharged with deleterious effects to the envirounment. A edible food with a high content of insoluble dietary fiber (60.9%), named "partially hidrolyzed cassava waste" (PHCW), was prepared from industrial cassava solid waste by an enzymatic process. PHCW or wheat bran (WB) were fed to model rats and both promoted digestive function effects, but PHCW produced the greatest effect. The insoluble fiber constituent from PHCW (and not the soluble fiber), promoted the greatest fecal bulking, fecal weight and defecation frequency in rats, as compared to WB. Such results indicate that the partially hydrolyzed cassava waste presents digestive function properties which allow it to be used as an adequate source of insoluble dietary fiber in the formulation of functional food for human nutrition.As fecularias e polvilheiras produzem grandes quantidades de bagaço de mandioca. A proposta dessa pesquisa consistiu determinar, em ratos modelo, a propriedade funcional-digestiva do produto alimentício bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado (BMH), um concentrado de fibra alimentar (60,9%, peso seco) que foi obtido a partir do bagaço de mandioca da polvilheira e através de processo de hidrólise enzimática. O BMH produziu efeitos fisiológicos no trato digestivo dos ratos modelos mais acentuados que os efeitos produzidos pelo farelo de trigo (FT). Foram os componentes insolúveis da fibra alimentar do BMH, e não a fração solúvel, os que mais contribuíram para o maior volume e peso das fezes e, por conseguinte, para o maior número de defecações. Por isso, o BMH pode ser usado como fonte alternativa de fibra alimentar para a formulação de alimentos, principalmente os consumidos por indivíduos com a finalidade de regular ou manter normal a funcionalidade digestiva

Nutrient dragging in faeces from the intake of partially hydrolyzed cassava waste

Dietary fiber can drag nutrients in faeces. Cassava waste from starch industry can be hydrolyzed by an enzymatic process and give origin to a food with high content of insoluble dietary fibers, named partially hydrolyzed cassava waste (HCW). HCW or standard wheat bran (WB) were fed to model growing rats in order to assess their dragging skill of nutrients from the intake of faeces. Addition of 5%, 15% or 25% HCW, in replacement of starch, promoted a significant dragging proportion for the overall minerals or proteins; addition of 15% or 25% HCW dragged a significant proportion of lipids and the addition of 25% HCW dragged a significant proportion of digestible carbohydrates. Adding 25% WB caused significant dragging of total minerals, protein and digestible carbohydrates, lipids were, however, not dragged with WB treatment. HCW promoted a more pronounced effect as compared to WB in regard to the dragging process of total minerals or proteins for 5% or 15% additions. Nervertheless, for high rates, such as 25% additions, both fibrous sources produced similar effects on the dragging of protein, but WB promoted the greatest dragging process of total minerals. No differences between both fiber sources were observed as to their abilities of dragging lipids or digestible carbohydrates into faeces. With high rates (25%) HCW promoted effects similar to WB, allowing to conclude that HCW might be used as an important alternative source of insoluble dietary fiber for the formulation of digestive-functional feeds.A ingestão de fibras alimentares pode resultar em arraste de outros nutrientes para as fezes. Bagaço de mandioca produzido por polvilheira foi submetido à hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de um produto mais concentrado em fibra alimentar insolúvel denominado de bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado (BMH). O BMH foi avaliado em ensaios biológicos com ratos Wistar quanto a sua habilidade de arrastar os nutrientes da ingestão para as fezes, tendo como padrão de fibra o farelo de trigo (FT). Acréscimo à dieta base, substituindo igual quantidade de amido, de dose de 5%, 15% ou 25% de BMH promoveu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade) ou proteína; dose de 15% ou 25% promoveu arraste significativo de lipídeo; e, dose de 25% promoveu arraste significativo de carboidrato digestível. Dose de 25% de FT produziu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade), proteína ou carboidrato digestível, mas, o lipídeo não foi arrastado. BMH produziu efeito mais pronunciado que FT em arrastar minerais (globalidade) ou proteína para a dose de 5% ou 15%; no entanto, para a dose alta, de 25%, as fontes produziram efeitos semelhantes em arrastar a proteína, mas o FT promoveu maior arraste de minerais (globalidade). Não houve diferença entre fontes, BMH e FT, em arrastar lipídeo ou carboidrato digestível para as fezes. Na dose alta (25%) o BMH promoveu efeitos, no máximo, semelhantes ao FT, em arrastar para as fezes os nutrientes da ingestão; assim, é recomendado como fonte alternativa de fibra alimentar insolúvel para a formulação de alimentos funcionais-digestivos

Nutrient dragging in faeces from the intake of partially hydrolyzed cassava waste

Dietary fiber can drag nutrients in faeces. Cassava waste from starch industry can be hydrolyzed by an enzymatic process and give origin to a food with high content of insoluble dietary fibers, named partially hydrolyzed cassava waste (HCW). HCW or standard wheat bran (WB) were fed to model growing rats in order to assess their dragging skill of nutrients from the intake of faeces. Addition of 5%, 15% or 25% HCW, in replacement of starch, promoted a significant dragging proportion for the overall minerals or proteins; addition of 15% or 25% HCW dragged a significant proportion of lipids and the addition of 25% HCW dragged a significant proportion of digestible carbohydrates. Adding 25% WB caused significant dragging of total minerals, protein and digestible carbohydrates, lipids were, however, not dragged with WB treatment. HCW promoted a more pronounced effect as compared to WB in regard to the dragging process of total minerals or proteins for 5% or 15% additions. Nervertheless, for high rates, such as 25% additions, both fibrous sources produced similar effects on the dragging of protein, but WB promoted the greatest dragging process of total minerals. No differences between both fiber sources were observed as to their abilities of dragging lipids or digestible carbohydrates into faeces. With high rates (25%) HCW promoted effects similar to WB, allowing to conclude that HCW might be used as an important alternative source of insoluble dietary fiber for the formulation of digestive-functional feeds.A ingestão de fibras alimentares pode resultar em arraste de outros nutrientes para as fezes. Bagaço de mandioca produzido por polvilheira foi submetido à hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de um produto mais concentrado em fibra alimentar insolúvel denominado de bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado (BMH). O BMH foi avaliado em ensaios biológicos com ratos Wistar quanto a sua habilidade de arrastar os nutrientes da ingestão para as fezes, tendo como padrão de fibra o farelo de trigo (FT). Acréscimo à dieta base, substituindo igual quantidade de amido, de dose de 5%, 15% ou 25% de BMH promoveu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade) ou proteína; dose de 15% ou 25% promoveu arraste significativo de lipídeo; e, dose de 25% promoveu arraste significativo de carboidrato digestível. Dose de 25% de FT produziu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade), proteína ou carboidrato digestível, mas, o lipídeo não foi arrastado. BMH produziu efeito mais pronunciado que FT em arrastar minerais (globalidade) ou proteína para a dose de 5% ou 15%; no entanto, para a dose alta, de 25%, as fontes produziram efeitos semelhantes em arrastar a proteína, mas o FT promoveu maior arraste de minerais (globalidade). Não houve diferença entre fontes, BMH e FT, em arrastar lipídeo ou carboidrato digestível para as fezes. Na dose alta (25%) o BMH promoveu efeitos, no máximo, semelhantes ao FT, em arrastar para as fezes os nutrientes da ingestão; assim, é recomendado como fonte alternativa de fibra alimentar insolúvel para a formulação de alimentos funcionais-digestivos

Evasão escolar na educação profissional técnica de nível médio no curso técnico em enfermagem: fatores e reflexões

This article deals with the factors that motivated the dropout of students from the subsequent technical course in Nursing on a campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, between 2017 and 2020. The data of this study were of a quantitative and qualitative nature, being the quantitative data obtained in the CRAD and PNP, and the qualitative ones by interviews with the coordinators. Among the dropouts, most were women, brown/black, between 15 and 25 years old and earning up to two minimum wages. In the speeches, both internal and external factors, the institution was cited as a cause of school dropout and student assistance programs were cited as a way of combating dropout.Este artigo trata dos fatores que motivaram a evasão escolar dos estudantes do curso técnico subsequente em Enfermagem de um campus do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, entre 2017 e 2020. Os dados deste estudo foram de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo os dados quantitativos obtidos na CRAD e PNP, já os qualitativos por entrevistas com os coordenadores. Dentre os evadidos, a maioria eram mulheres, pardas/pretas, entre 15 e 25 anos e renda de até dois salários-mínimos. Nos discursos, tanto fatores internos quanto externos a instituição foi citada como causa da evasão escolar e os programas de assistência estudantil foram citados como forma de combate à evasão. &nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Arraste via fecal de nutrientes da ingestão produzido por bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado

A ingestão de fibras alimentares pode resultar em arraste de outros nutrientes para as fezes. Bagaço de mandioca produzido por polvilheira foi submetido à hidrólise enzimática para obtenção de um produto mais concentrado em fibra alimentar insolúvel denominado de bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado (BMH). O BMH foi avaliado em ensaios biológicos com ratos Wistar quanto a sua habilidade de arrastar os nutrientes da ingestão para as fezes, tendo como padrão de fibra o farelo de trigo (FT). Acréscimo à dieta base, substituindo igual quantidade de amido, de dose de 5%, 15% ou 25% de BMH promoveu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade) ou proteína; dose de 15% ou 25% promoveu arraste significativo de lipídeo; e, dose de 25% promoveu arraste significativo de carboidrato digestível. Dose de 25% de FT produziu arraste significativo de minerais (globalidade), proteína ou carboidrato digestível, mas, o lipídeo não foi arrastado. BMH produziu efeito mais pronunciado que FT em arrastar minerais (globalidade) ou proteína para a dose de 5% ou 15%; no entanto, para a dose alta, de 25%, as fontes produziram efeitos semelhantes em arrastar a proteína, mas o FT promoveu maior arraste de minerais (globalidade). Não houve diferença entre fontes, BMH e FT, em arrastar lipídeo ou carboidrato digestível para as fezes. Na dose alta (25%) o BMH promoveu efeitos, no máximo, semelhantes ao FT, em arrastar para as fezes os nutrientes da ingestão; assim, é recomendado como fonte alternativa de fibra alimentar insolúvel para a formulação de alimentos funcionais-digestivos