Características agravantes por infestação residencial de Culex quinquefasciatus, em Olinda, PE

OBJECTIVE: Analyse how basic sanitation conditions, water supply and housing conditions affect the concentration of Culex quinquefasciatus METHODS: Populations of C. quinquefasciatus in 61 houses in the municipality of Olinda, PE, were monitored between October 2009 and October 2010. Observations were carried out in homes without the presence of preferred breeding sites in order to identify characteristics that may be aggravating factors for the development of the mosquito. Five aggravating factors were analysed: vegetation cover surrounding the home, number of residents/home, water storage, sewage drainage and water drainage. These characteristics were analysed in terms of presence or absence and as indicators of the degree of infestation, which was estimated through monitoring the concentration of eggs (oviposition traps - BR-OVT) and adults (CDC light traps). RESULTS: Sewage drainage to a rudimentary septic tank or to the open air was the most frequent aggravating factor in the homes (91.8%), although the presence of vegetation was the only characteristic that significantly influenced the increase in the number of egg rafts (p = 0.02). The BR-OVT achieved positive results in 95.1% of the evaluations, with the presence of at least one egg raft per month. A total of 2,366 adults were caught, with a mosquito/room/night ratio of 32.9. No significant difference was found in the number of mosquitoes caught in the homes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sanitation and water supply influence the population density of C. quinquefasciatus, residence features that are not usually considered in control measures can be aggravating factors in sustaining the mosquito population.OBJETIVO: Analizar como las condiciones de saneamiento básico, abastecimiento de agua y habitaciones afectan la densidad de Culex quinquefasciatus MÉTODOS: se monitoreó la población de C. quinquefasciatus en 61 residencias del municipio de Olinda, PE, Brasil, de octubre de 2009 a octubre de 2010. Las observaciones se realizaron en residencias sin la presencia de criaderos preferenciales, para identificar características que pueden contribuir como agravantes para el desarrollo del mosquito. Cinco características agravantes fueron analizadas: cobertura vegetal en el peridomicilio, número de habitantes por residencia, almacenamiento de agua, drenaje de cloacas, drenaje de agua. Se evaluó la presencia o ausencia de estas características y como indicadores de niveles de infestación, estimados por monitoreo de la densidad de huevos (trampas de oviposición BR-OVT) y adultos (trampas luminosas de tipo CDC). RESULTADOS: El drenaje de cloacas hacia el pozo séptico/rudimentario y hacia el ambiente fue lo más frecuente en las residencias (91,8%), a pesar de que sólo la presencia de vegetación haya influenciado significativamente en el aumento de las "balsas" (p=0,02). Las BR-OVT se presentaron positivas en 95,1% de las evaluaciones, con presencia de por lo menos una balsa/mes. Se capturaron 2.366 especímenes adultos, con relación mosquito/cuarto/noche de 32,9, sin diferencia significativa en el número de mosquitos capturados en las residencias. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de que las condiciones de saneamiento y de abastecimiento de agua influencien en la densidad poblacional de C. quinquefasciatus, características de la residencia que normalmente no son consideradas en las medidas de control pueden ser factores agravantes en el mantenimiento de la población de mosquito.OBJETIVO: Analisar como as condições de saneamento básico, abastecimento de água e habitações afetam a densidade de Culex quinquefasciatus. MÉTODOS: Monitorou-se a população de C. quinquefasciatus em 61 residências do município de Olinda, PE, de outubro de 2009 a outubro de 2010. As observações foram realizadas em residências sem a presença de criadouros preferenciais, para identificar características que contribuíssem como agravantes para o desenvolvimento do mosquito. Cinco características agravantes foram analisadas: cobertura vegetal no peridomicílio, número de moradores por residência, armazenamento de água, escoamento de esgoto, escoamento de água. Essas características foram avaliadas quanto à presença ou ausência e como indicadores de níveis de infestação, estimados por monitoramento da densidade de ovos (armadilhas de oviposição BR-OVT) e adultos (armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC). RESULTADOS: O escoamento de esgoto para fossa séptica/rudimentar e a céu aberto foi o mais frequente nas residências (91,8%), embora apenas a presença de vegetação tenha influenciado significativamente no aumento de jangadas (p = 0,02). As BR-OVT apresentaram-se positivas em 95,1% das avaliações, com presença de pelo menos uma jangada/mês. Foram capturados 2.366 espécimes adultos, com relação mosquito/quarto/noite de 32,9, sem diferença significativa no número de mosquitos capturados nas residências. CONCLUSÕES: Embora as condições de saneamento e de abastecimento de água influenciem na densidade populacional de C. quinquefasciatus, características da residência que normalmente não são consideradas nas medidas de controle podem ser fatores agravantes na manutenção da população de mosquito

Double BR-OVT: a new trap model for collecting eggs and adult mosquitoes from Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes spp.

The circulation of arboviruses throughout the world and the maintenance of lymphatic filariasis endemicity in tropical countries, combined with the lack of vaccines and specific treatments, highlight the importance of reducing the populations of mosquitoes involved in the transmission of these pathogens, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. To contribute to the development of new strategies for monitoring and controlling these culicids, we evaluated the performance of the Double BR-OVT trap individually and in pairs, in the field. After 18 months, the Double BR-OVT traps captured a mean of 3.5 ± 7.4 and 1.8 ± 3.2 of Culex and Aedes/residence/cycle, respectively, in addition to 410 ± 588.3 Aedes eggs/residence/cycle. When installed in pairs, the Double BR-OVT traps collected three times more adult mosquitoes of C. quinquefasciatus (9.4 ± 8.3 Culex/ residence/bimester) and two times more Aedes spp. (3 ± 3.2 Aedes/residence/bimester) in comparison with the traps installed individually (2.6 ± 7.1 and 1.5 ± 3.2 Culex and Aedes/ residence/bimester, respectively) (p < 0.05). The Double BR-OVT trap has an exceptional advantage: it aggregates different functionalities into a single instrument, as this type of trap can concomitantly collect eggs and adult mosquitoes of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti, a feature that makes it a potentially useful tool among the strategies for monitoring and controlling these mosquitoes

Quality indicators in support of intravenous therapy in a university hospital: a contribution of nursing

Objectives: to understand the indicators of quality of care for intravenous therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital. Method: a non-experimental descriptive study with a quantitative approach in the NICU of a university hospital, through a systematic survey on the protocol of intravenous care: peripheral venous access, PICC and central venous catheter. Excel and presented in tables - statistical treatment, where the data were pooled and processed in Microsoft Office program was conducted. The study was approved by the CEP HUAP/UFF under Protocol 01660412.9.0000.5243 . Results: in the data analysis, the results showed a greater need for technical training and maintenance of venous access catheter peripheral, PICC, and umbilical catheter. Conclusion: so, the health professional should facilitate and promote patient safety for the sake of your well being and quality of life, avoiding the risks and adverse effects

Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. While Ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, Ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental Europe. Vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide resistance is of great concern. As part of a Brazilian-Swiss Joint Research Programme we set out to assess whether there are any signs of existing or incipient insecticide resistance primarily against the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti), but also against currently applied and potentially alternative insecticides in our areas, Recife (Brazil) and the Swiss-Italian border region.; Following World Health Organization guidelines, dose-response curves for a range of insecticides were established for both colonized and field caught Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The larvicides included Bti, two of its toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Vectomax CG®, a formulated combination of Bti and L. sphaericus, and diflubenzuron. In addition to the larvicides, the Swiss-Italian Ae. albopictus populations were also tested against five adulticides (bendiocarb, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, malathion, permethrin and λ-cyhalothrin).; Showing a similar dose-response, all mosquito populations were fully susceptible to the larvicides tested and, in particular, to Bti which is currently used both in Brazil and Switzerland. In addition, there were no signs of incipient resistance against Bti as larvae were equally susceptible to the individual toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba. The field-caught Swiss-Italian populations were susceptible to the adulticides tested but DDT mortality rates showed signs of reduced susceptibility.; The insecticides currently used for mosquito control in Switzerland and Brazil are still effective against the target populations. The present study provides an important reference as relatively few insecticide susceptibility surveys have been carried out with Ae. albopictus

A HUMANIZAÇÃO NA PEDIATRIA POR MEIO DE ATIVIDADES LÚDICAS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

The hospital environment can affect the development of children, thus, the humanization of care through playful activities should be performed, since it is an important resource to make the hospitalization process lighter. This study aims to identify the forms of humanization actions in pediatric hospitalization with emphasis on playful activities. For this, an integrative literature review was carried out in electronic databases with selection criteria. The sample selection occurred in three stages and the analysis by descriptive synthesis. The findings showed that the humanization of hospitalized children is basically accomplished through playful activities, of which the therapeutic play stands out. Moreover, it was found that nurses are the most important professionals in the practice of pediatric humanization, which brings many benefits, but still faces challenges that need to be overcome.El entorno hospitalario puede afectar al desarrollo de los niños, por lo que se debe realizar la humanización de los cuidados a través de actividades lúdicas, ya que es un recurso importante para hacer más ligero el proceso de hospitalización. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las formas de actuación de la humanización en la hospitalización pediátrica con disminución de las actividades lúdicas. Y para ello se utilizó la revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en bases de datos electrónicas con criterios de selección. La selección amostra se produjo en 3 etapas y el análisis por síntesis se describió. Los resultados mostraron que la humanización de los niños hospitalizados se consigue básicamente a través de actividades lúdicas, en las que destaca el juego terapéutico. Además, se constata que el enfermero es el profesional más destacado en la práctica de la humanización pediátrica, que conlleva muchos beneficios, aunque también existen desafíos que necesitan ser superados.O ambiente hospitalar pode afetar o desenvolvimento das crianças, assim, a humanização da assistência por meio das atividades lúdicas deve ser realizada, uma vez que é um recurso importante para tornar o processo de internação mais leve. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as formas de ações de humanização na hospitalização pediátrica com ênfase nas atividades lúdicas. E para isso utilizou-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas com critérios de seleção. A seleção amostral ocorreu em 3 etapas e a análise por síntese descritiva. Os achados mostraram que a humanização da criança hospitalizada é realizada basicamente por atividades lúdicas das quais se destaca o brinquedo terapêutico. Além disso, constatou-se que a enfermeiro é o profissional de destaque na prática de humanização pediátrica, que traz muitos benefícios, porém ainda encontra desafios que precisam ser ultrapassados.O ambiente hospitalar pode afetar o desenvolvimento das crianças, assim, a humanização da assistência por meio das atividades lúdicas deve ser realizada, uma vez que é um recurso importante para tornar o processo de internação mais leve. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as formas de ações de humanização na hospitalização pediátrica com ênfase nas atividades lúdicas. E para isso utilizou-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas com critérios de seleção. A seleção amostral ocorreu em 3 etapas e a análise por síntese descritiva. Os achados mostraram que a humanização da criança hospitalizada é realizada basicamente por atividades lúdicas das quais se destaca o brinquedo terapêutico. Além disso, constatou-se que a enfermeiro é o profissional de destaque na prática de humanização pediátrica, que traz muitos benefícios, porém ainda encontra desafios que precisam ser ultrapassados

Monitoring temporal fluctuations of Culex quinquefasciatus using oviposition traps containing attractant and larvicide in an urban environment in Recife, Brazil

The use of attractants and larvicides in oviposition traps is of practical interest for the surveillance and control of urban mosquitoes. In addition to increasing the safety of the traps, this combination is essential for an attract-and-kill control strategy based on trapping mosquito eggs. The combination of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and grass infusion (GI) vs. GI alone were tested for their ability to attract in paired BR-OVT traps in the backyards of 10 houses in Recife, Brazil, for a period of 45 days. Results show that females prefer to oviposit in traps containing Bti (363 compared with 251 egg rafts over 45 days). Results from a one-year trial on the efficacy of BR-OVT traps loaded with GI and Bti as a sampling tool to monitor temporal fluctuations in the population densities of Culex quinquefasciatus in an urban environment are also reported. From December 2006-January 2007, one trap per home was installed and maintained for 348 consecutive days in 134-151 houses located in three urban blocks. Throughout the one-year field trial a total of 43,151 Culex egg rafts were collected in the traps. The data show that BR-OVT loaded with GI and Bti is sensitive enough to demonstrate continuous reproductive activity of Cux. quinquefasciatus in the study area throughout the year and to monitor temporal fluctuations in population density