9 research outputs found

    Potentialités des tests microbiens et de la spectrométrie infra-rouge dans la recherche d’antibiotiques dans le lait

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    Résumé : La recherche développée vise à étudier les différents tests microbiens disponibles pour la détection des antibiotiques dans le lait, ainsi que leur couplage à la spectrométrie infra-rouge (MIR et SPIR). Dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité de certains tests de détection des antibiotiques est envisagée directement à la ferme. Cette étude met en évidence certaines interférences (désinfectants et alimentation), pouvant conduire à des résultats faux positifs. De plus, les différences de sensibilité observées entre tests posent la question de l’homogénéité du contrôle lors des tests officiels réalisés sur les livraisons de lait. Sur base des conclusions tirées de cette première partie de l’étude, la spectrométrie infra-rouge est envisagée comme moyen de mise en évidence de l’inhibition bactérienne résultant de la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques. Cette seconde partie a nécessité le développement d’outils analytiques permettant le comptage rapide des bactéries utilisées d’une part et de réaliser le suivi de la croissance bactérienne par chromatographie liquide d’autre part. Ce suivi physico-chimique est basé sur un indice de métabolisme intégrant différents acides organiques, dont le principal est l’acide lactique. Ces outils analytiques sont appliqués à des échantillons de laits dopés ou non en antibiotiques, analysés par spectrométrie infra-rouge. La confrontation des résultats analytiques aux spectres obtenus dans le moyen infra-rouge ou dans le proche infra-rouge (caméra SPIR) montre le potentiel de ce mode de détection de l’inhibition bactérienne, corrélée à la production d’acides organiques.Summary : Developed research aims at studying the various microbial tests available for the detection of antibiotics in milk, like their coupling with infra-red spectrometry (MIR and SPIR). Initially, the applicability of certain tests of detection of antibiotics is considered directly with the farm. This study highlights certain interferences (disinfecting and feed), being able to lead to false-positives results. Moreover, the differences in sensitivity observed between tests raise the question of the homogeneity of control during the official tests carried out about the milk deliveries. On the basis of conclusion drawn from this first part of the study, infra-red spectrometry is considered like means of detection of bacterial inhibition resulting from the presence of antibiotic residues. This second part required the development of analytical tools allowing the fast counting of the bacteria used on the one hand and to carry out the follow-up of the bacterial growth by liquid chromatography on the other hand. This physico-chemical follow-up is based on an index of metabolism integrating various organic acids, whose main thing is the lactic acid. These analytical tools are applied to spiked milk samples and to unspiked milk samples, analyzed by infra-red spectrometry. The confrontation of the analytical results to the spectra obtained in MIR or PIR spectrometry (camera) shows the potential of this mode of detection of the bacterial inhibition, correlated with the production of organic acids

    Estimation des paramètres génétiques des teneurs en minéraux du lait de vache

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    peer reviewedKnowing the contents of minerals in milk like Ca or Na could be interesting to improve the nutritional quality of milk and to assess the animal health status. This study had two aims: 1) development of mid-infrared equations for mineral contents in milk by using an approach combining multiple countries, breeds, and production systems and 2) study of the genetic variability of these traits in the Walloon Holstein dairy cattle. Samples included in the calibration set were collected in Belgium, Luxembourg and France over 5 years. The calibration set included at least 400 samples analyzed by coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry to quantify the contents of Na, Ca, Mg, P and K. The calibration coefficient of determination ranged between 0.69 for K and 0.93 for Na. The standard error of cross-validation was 63.35, 49.24, 64.33, 7.04, and 93.22 mg/kg of milk for Na, Ca, P, Mg and K. From these results, the quantification of milk minerals by mid-infrared is feasible. These equations were applied to more than 140,000 spectral records collected from 43,797 first parity Holstein cows in 1,233 herds. The variance components were estimated using Gibbs Sampling using single trait random regression models derived from the one used for the Walloon genetic evaluation of milk production traits. First results gave a daily heritability of 0.26 for Na, 0.45 for Ca, 0.48 for P, 0.46 for Mg, and 0.41 for K. Moderate negative genetic correlations were found between Na and the other studied traits. The highest correlation (0.69) was observed between P and Mg. These results confirmed the genetic variability of these traits. Further studies will be conducted to study the relationship between these traits and other traits (e.g., production, health)
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