3 research outputs found
Estudio de adsorci贸n de 17伪-etinilestradiol y triclos谩n en suelos tratados con bios贸lido y determinaci贸n de la fracci贸n biodisponible de los compuestos a trav茅s de plantas de trigo
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Mag铆ster en Qu铆mica 谩rea de Especializaci贸n en Medio Ambiente y Memoria para optar al T铆tulo de Qu铆micoChile se ubica en el primer lugar de Latinoam茅rica en lo que se refiere al procesamiento de aguas residuales, lo cual ha posibilitado paulatinamente la descontaminaci贸n de los cursos de aguas superficiales y mar铆timos. El tratamiento de las aguas residuales trae consigo la generaci贸n de bios贸lidos, los cuales pueden ser utilizados como fertilizantes, mejoradores de los suelos, y tambi茅n como materia prima para la generaci贸n de biog谩s. Aunque el plan de saneamiento de aguas servidas mejora significativamente la calidad del agua, no todos los contaminantes son capaces de ser completamente eliminados y pueden llegar al medioambiente a trav茅s del agua tratada o por la aplicaci贸n de bios贸lidos a los suelos.
Los productos farmac茅uticos y de cuidado personal (PPCPs) son contaminantes org谩nicos que permanecen en los bios贸lidos, entre 茅stos se encuentran el Triclos谩n (TCS) y hormonas, como 17伪-etinilestradiol (EE2). El TCS es un agente antimicrobiano usado en jabones, detergentes, pasta de dientes, cosm茅ticos y productos farmac茅uticos. El 17伪-etinilestradiol es un estr贸geno sint茅tico usado como un ingrediente activo de los anticonceptivos orales y suplementos hormonales.
El riesgo ambiental de los compuestos org谩nicos contenidos en los bios贸lidos depende de su concentraci贸n, de su persistencia, su capacidad para incorporarse a la cadena tr贸fica, su labilidad y su biotoxicidad. Por lo que se plantea como hip贸tesis que la adsorci贸n de 17伪-Etinilestradiol y de Triclos谩n en el suelo aumentar铆a con el incremento de materia org谩nica aportada por el bios贸lido y por tanto disminuir铆a la biodisponibilidad de los contaminantes a las plantas de trigo.
El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicaci贸n de bios贸lidos en relaci贸n a la adsorci贸n de hormonas esteroidales (17伪-Etinilestradiol) y agentes bactericidas (triclos谩n) en suelos y la biodisponibilidad de estos compuestos determinada mediante ensayos con plantas de trigo.
Para el estudio de biodisponibilidad se utiliz贸 arena y dos series de suelos de la Regi贸n Metropolitana: Lampa y Lo Prado adem谩s de un bios贸lido de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la misma Regi贸n. Se realiz贸 una caracterizaci贸n f铆sica y qu铆mica tanto de los suelos, como del bios贸lido, a trav茅s de pH, carbono org谩nico (CO) y textura (determinada s贸lo para los suelos). La arena y suelos utilizados fueron tratados con una dosis de 0 y 90 Mgha-1 de bios贸lido.
Se determin贸 la concentraci贸n de EE2 y TCS en el bios贸lido, a trav茅s de una extracci贸n con acetato de etilo utilizando ba帽o de ultrasonido, encontr谩ndose concentraciones de 0,54 卤 0,06 y 8,31 卤 0,19 mgkg-1 respectivamente. La determinaci贸n de ambos se realiz贸 por medio de cromatograf铆a gaseosa acoplada a espectrometr铆a de masas (GC-MS). Para los ensayos con plantas de trigo, las muestras fueron extra铆das y determinadas con la misma t茅cnica.
Los resultados obtenidos de la extracci贸n de EE2 y TCS de las plantas de trigo, indicaron que los compuestos se concentran mayoritariamente en la ra铆z de la planta que en la parte a茅rea. Adem谩s, se obtuvo que la biodisponibilidad de los compuestos en las plantas depende exclusivamente de las propiedades de los contaminantes y del suelo.
Los estudios de adsorci贸n muestran que el incremento de materia org谩nica en los suelos aumenta la adsorci贸n de TCS y EE2 en estos sustratos, y que ambos compuestos siguen el modelo de adsorci贸n de Freundlich. La desorci贸n indica, que la movilidad y disponibilidad en un periodo de 24 horas tanto de TCS como de EE2 depende del tipo de suelo, ya que fue m铆nima en el caso del suelo Lampa, con y sin aplicaci贸n de bios贸lido, en cambio en el suelo Lo Prado se observ贸 una desorci贸n de casi un 50% de TCSChile is ubicated in first place regarding to the wastewater treatment in Latin America, which has gradually enabled the decontamination of surface and sea water courses. The wastewater treatment entails the generation of biosolids, which could be used as fertilizers, soil improvers, and also as a feedstock for biogas generation. Although the wastewater treatment plan significantly improves water quality, there are contaminants that are not completely eliminated and may reach the environment through treated water or due the biosolids application to soils.
Biosolids may contain inorganic and organic contaminants, among the latter are the pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which have given rise to a series of emerging contaminants, among these are triclosan (TCS) and hormones, such as 17伪-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The TCS is an antimicrobial agent used in soaps, detergents, toothpastes, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The 17伪-ethinylestradiol is a synthetic estrogen used as an active ingredient in oral contraceptives and hormone supplements.
The environmental risk of organic compounds in biosolids depends on their concentration, persistence, ability to enter the food chain, its lability and biotoxicity. As hypothesis, It is proposed that the adsorption of 17伪-ethinylestradiol and triclosan in the soil would increase with increasing of organic matter provided by the biosolids and thereby would decrease the bioavailability of pollutants to the wheat plants.
The general aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of biosolids application in relation to the adsorption of steroid hormones (17伪-ethinylestradiol) and antibacterial agents (TCS) in soils and their bioavailability through testing with wheat plants.
For the bioavailability study, sand and two soil series of Metropolitan Region were used: Lampa and Lo Prado. The biosolid was obtained from wastewater treatment plant in the same Region. Both soils and biosolid were characterized through pH, organic carbon (OC) and, for soil only, texture. The sand and soils were treated with two biosolid rates (0 and 90 Mg ha-1).
The EE2 and TCS concentration in biosolids was determined through ethyl acetate extraction using ultrasonic bath, finding concentrations of 0.54 卤 0.06 and 8.31 卤 0.19 mgkg-1 respectively. The determination of both compound was carried out through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The same extraction technique and determination was used for wheat plant assays.
The results of the extraction of EE2 and TCS from wheat plants indicated that the compounds are mainly concentrated in roots more than shoots. Furthermore, it was found that the bioavailability of the compounds in plants depends exclusively on the properties of the contaminants and the soil.
Adsorption studies showed that the increase of organic matter in the soil increases the adsorption of TCS and EE2 on these substrates, and both compounds follow the Freundlich adsorption model. The desorption indicates that the mobility and availability within 24 hours for both TCS and EE2 depends on soil type, because it was minimum in the case of soil Lampa, with and without biosolids application, while in the soil Lo Prado an increase of almost 50% in the case of TCS was observe
Effects of applying biosolids to soils on the adsorption and bioavailability of 17伪-ethinylestradiol and triclosan in wheat plants
Biosolids contain inorganic and organic contaminants, including pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) that have accounted for a series of emerging contaminants, such as triclosan (TCS) and the hormone 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biosolid application on EE2 and TCS adsorption and bioavailability in soils through testing with wheat plants. For the bioavailability study, sand and two soils, Lampa and Lo Prado, were used. The sand and soils were treated using two biosolid application rates (0 and 90 mg ha(-1)), and the EE2 and TCS concentrations in the biosolids were determined as 0.54 +/- 0.06 and 8.31 +/- 0.19 mg kg(-1), respectively. The concentration observed in wheat plants indicated that EE2 and TCS are mainly concentrated in the roots rather than in the shoots. Furthermore, the bioavailability of the compounds in plants depends on the properties of the contaminants and the soil. Adsorption studies showed that increasing the soil organic matter content increases the adsorption of TCS and EE2 on these substrates and that both compounds follow the Freundlich adsorption model. The desorption procedure indicated that availability for both TCS and EE2 depended on the soil type because TCS and EE2 were small in the Lampa soil with and without biosolid application and TCS increased by nearly 50% in the Lo Prado soil. The Lo Prado soil had an acidic pH (5.9) and the Lampa soil had a neutral pH of 7.3, and the organic carbon content was smaller