Nutritional supplement of high protein content for 2-5 year old children. Development of the formulation and acceptability Suplemento alimenticio de alto contenido proteico para niños de 2 - 5 años. Desarrollo de la formulación y aceptabilidad

Cereal-legume combinations offer proteins of high quality due to the compensation of the existing essential amino acids. Quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) and lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were selected with the aim of designing a formulation of high protein content with additives and chicken flavoring in order to obtain a physical powder mixture that, when added to water, resulted in a baby food type cream destined for 2-5 year old children, whose amino acid content would fulfill 35-40% of the daily requirement. Linear programming was applied for the formulation. In the selected formulation, the nutrients were determined through proximal analysis, and some physical and microbiological tests were performed. Sensorial tests by attributes in semi-trained adults were carried out and a 5 points hedonic face scale was applied to preschool children from three day care centers at Antofagasta, Chile. Protein content of the lupin flour (49.77g×100g) surpassed in 4.6 times that of quinua (10.82g×100

Effect of the composition of extra virgin olive oils on the differentiation and antioxidant capacities of twelve monovarietals

The effect of the composition of twelve varieties of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) on their differentiation based in agronomic criteria and on the antioxidant capacity was studied. Principal component analysis permitted an overview of the samples and their compositions, showing evidence of grouping and correlation between antioxidant capacity, oleuropein and ligstroside derivatives (OLD) and specific extinction at 270. Oleic and linoleic acids, 3,4-DHPEA-EA and p-HPEA-EDA (OLD), unsaturated/saturated ratio and induction time (IT) allowed the correct classification of samples according to year of harvest, ripening stage and variety. The antioxidant capacity of EVOOs was satisfactory predicted through a partial least square model based on Delta K, hydroxytyrosol, pinoresinol, oleuropein derivate and IT. Validation of the model gave a correlation R > 0.83 and an error of 7% for independent samples. This model could be a useful tool for the olive industry to highlight the nutritional quality of EVOOs and improve their marketing.INNOVA project 11BPC-1003

Supercritical technology as an alternative for biotechnological xylitol purification

Processos biotecnológicos têm sido desenvolvidos e aplicados com sucesso para a obtenção de novos produtos. Entre estes, um em desenvolvimento é o uso de microorganismos que fermentam a xilose da fração hemicelulósica de resíduos agroindustriais à xilitol, um alimento funcional com importantes aplicações industriais. Dentre os resíduos agroindustriais o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar é o mais abundante resíduo lignocelulósico no Brasil, e este não tem sido aproveitado em todo seu potencial devido ao desconhecimento ou a não existência de tecnologias disponíveis para serem prontamente aplicadas, ou têm sido utilizado de forma menos valorizada. Neste contexto a biotecnologia surge como uma via alternativa para geração de produtos de alto valor agregado visando aproveitar estes resíduos em todo seu potencial. Basicamente os processos biotecnológicos podem ser divididos em duas etapas: a etapa do processo em si e a etapa de purificação. Como as etapas de separação, recuperação e purificação constituem uma parte importante do processo biotecnológico, podendo alcançar até 80 % do custo final do produto, este trabalho, por conseguinte, visou à recuperação e purificação de xilitol através do uso de uma tecnologia alternativa, ainda não aplicada com este objetivo, a tecnologia supercrítica. O bioprocesso foi conduzido em um reator de leito fluidizado com células de Candida guilliermondii imobilizadas em alginato de cálcio eficazmente e o processo de purificação do meio fermentado foi realizado em um extrator supercrítico com capacidade de 50mL usando CO2 + etanol como solvente. Foi-se avaliado a influência dos parâmetros: pressão e suporte no processo de purificação, utilizando um planejamento fatorial completo 22 sendo a temperatura e o tempo de residência do solvente com a matriz líquida mantidas constantes. Os resultados preliminares demonstram a potencialidade da utilização da tecnologia supercrítica como uma alternativa para purificar xilitol biotecnológico produzido a partir de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar.Biotechnological processes have been developed and applied successfully to obtain new products. Among these, one in development is the use of microorganisms that ferment xylose from the hemicellulosic fraction of agroindustrial waste to xylitol, a functional food with important industrial applications. Among the agroindustrial waste the sugarcane bagasse is the most abundant lignocellulosic residue in Brazil, and this has not been exploited to its full potential due to ignorance or lack of readily available technology to be applied, or have been used in a less valued. In this context the biotechnology emerges as an alternative route for generation of high-value added products aimed use this waste suitably. Basically the biotechnological processes can be divided in two stages: the stage of the process itself and the purification stage. As the separation, purification and recovery stages are an important part of the biotechnology process, which can reach up to 80% of the final cost of the product, this study therefore aimed the recovery and purification through the use of an alternative technology, not yet applied for this aim, the supercritical technology. The bioprocess was carried out in a fluidized reactor with cells of Candida guilliermondii immobilized in calcium alginate effectively and the purification process was tested in a supercritical extractor with a capacity of 50mL using CO2 + ethanol as solvent. It was evaluated the influence of the parameters: pressure and support in the purification process, using a 22 full factorial design keeping the temperature and residence time of solvent with the liquid matrix constant. The preliminary results showed the potentiality of use supercritical technology as an alternative for biotechnological xylitol purification produced from sugarcane bagasse

Role of dietary alpha- and gamma-tocopherol from Rosa mosqueta oil in the prevention of alterations induced by high-fat diet in a murine model

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of tocopherols present in Rosa mosqueta oil (RM) in the prevention of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced alterations. Methods: Male C57 BL/6 J mice (n = 9/group) were fed for 12 wk and divided into four groups: control (CD; 10% kcal fat, 20% kcal protein, 70% kcal carbohydrates); HFD (60% as fat, 20% kcal protein, 20% kcal carbohydrates); HFD + RM (0.01 mL/g body weight/d); and HFD+ RM - without tocopherols (0.01 mL/g body weight/d). Parameters of obesity, liver steatosis (histology, triacylglycerols content), inflammation (adipose NLRP3 inflammasome, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta expression, hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B) and oxidative stress (hepatic Nrf2 activation, carbonylated proteins) were evaluated. Results: Liver steatosis, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HFD + RM - compared with the HFD + RM, with no differences between HFD and HFD + RM. Conclusion: The present study suggests that alpha- and gamma-tocopherols from RM may have an important role in the prevention of alterations induced by HFD.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico-FONDECYT (Chile) 1140547 1115068

Iron-induced derangement in hepatic Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturation capacity and fatty acid profile leading to steatosis: Impact on extrahepatic tissues and prevention by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil

The administration of iron induces liver oxidative stress and depletion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio enhancement and fat accumulation, which may be prevented by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil (AR-EVOO) supplementation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a control diet (50 mg iron/kg diet) or iron-rich diet (IRD; 200 mg/kg diet) with alternate AR-EVOO for 21 days. Liver fatty acid (FA) analysis was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) after lipid extraction and fractionation, besides Delta-5 desaturase (Delta-5 D) and Delta 6-D mRNA expression (qPCR) and activity (GLC) measurements. The IRD significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic total fat, triacylglycerols, free FA contents and serum transaminases levels, with diminution in those of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs, higher n-6/n-3 ratios, lower unsaturation index and Delta 5-D and Delta 6-D activities, whereas the mRNA expression of both desaturases was enhanced over control values, changes that were prevented by concomitant AR-EVOO supplementation. N-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs were also decreased by IRD in extrahepatic tissues and normalized by AR-EVOO. In conclusion, AR-EVOO supplementation prevents IRD-induced changes in parameters related to liver FA metabolism and steatosis, an effect that may have a significant impact in the treatment of iron-related pathologies or metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

In Memorium, Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Glass, C. M., D. D.

In Memorium, Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Glass, C. M., D. D., born March 13, 1874, appointed Catholic Bishop of Salt Lake diocese in 1915, member of the Alta Club, died January 26, 192