Propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la Empresa Colchones El Dorado

En el presente trabajo se aplican los conocimientos basados en Ingeniería Industrial aplicándolos en la empresa Colchones El Dorado el cual se identifican los niveles de los proveedores que viene sentido aguas arriba y los niveles de los clientes sentido aguas debajo de los miembros del Supply Chain. Conjuntamente se adquiere conocimiento de los procesos de cada actividad de la cadena de suministro relacionados en la empresa como son la materia prima, la producción, el transporte y logística como también la gestión del almacenamiento y su distribución hasta llegar al cliente final. El objetivo es proponer herramientas y estrategias que puedan mejorar con eficiencia cada uno de los procesos de cada dependencia como la gestión aprovisionamiento, gestión de inventarios, la gestión de distribución y logística y así lograr una buena comunicación de cada uno de los miembros. La empresa debe de ir renovando su tecnología utilizando software que facilite llegar a los objetivos propuestos y de acuerdo a su capacidad económica, esto con el fin de que tenga una ventaja competitiva en el mercado.In the present work, the knowledge based on Industrial Engineering is applied by applying it in the company Colchones El Dorado, which identifies the levels of the suppliers coming upstream and the levels of the customers downstream of the members of the Supply Chain. Together, knowledge of the processes of each activity of the supply chain related to the company is acquired, such as raw materials, production, transport and logistics, as well as storage and distribution management until reaching the final customer. The objective is to propose tools and strategies that can efficiently improve each of the processes of each agency, such as supply management, inventory management, distribution and logistics management, and thus achieve good communication from each of the members. The company must be renewing its technology using software that facilitates reaching the proposed objectives and according to its economic capacity, this in order to have a competitive advantage in the market

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

TI - Introducción al Diseño Arquitectónico - AR305 - 202101

Descripción: El TI - Introducción al diseño arquitectónico es un curso de especialidad en la carrera. Busca que el estudiante se familiarice con la composición arquitectónica mediante la intuición y la plástica. Este es el primero de los diez cursos de talleres de diseño arquitectónico, que constituyen la columna vertebral de la carrera de Arquitectura. En este taller, el estudiante adquiere los fundamentos para el ejercicio de proyectar a través de ejercicios de composición tridimensionales con elementos tales como; punto, línea, plano y volumen como insumo para descubrimiento de. las posibilidades que ofrecen las propiedades de adición, sustracción, repetición, transformación, así como conceptos para el logro de volúmenes armados y excavados. En base a esta experiencia, que ocupa por lo menos la mitad del periodo, se hacen los primeros diseños de espacios (con criterios funcionales muy básicos) en los que se trabaja con escaleras, relaciones espaciales y las nociones de ingresar y circular entre otras estrategias de conexión con la realidad. En el curso TI - Introducción al diseño arquitectónico los contextos pueden ser teóricos, virtuales o conceptuales, la escala es un factor relativo a la composición la creación de espacios para personas y la función forma parte de las reglas de juego de cada ejercicio. Propósito: El curso TI ¿ Introducción al diseño arquitectónico ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro arquitecto desarrollar las competencias iniciales de composición, a través del uso del lenguaje arquitectónico, sistemas ordenadores y resolución de encargos básicos de arquitectura. El curso contribuye a desarrollar la competencia general Pensamiento Innovador y la competencia específica Diseño fundamentado (que corresponde a los criterios NAAB: PC2,PC5, SC5) ambas en Nivel 1. Sus prerrequisitos son MA95 Nivelación de Física o haber aprobado la prueba de definición de niveles de Física, MA392 Nivelación de Matemática o haber aprobado la prueba de definición de niveles de Matemáticas y AR206 Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura

TI - Introducción al Diseño Arquitectónico - AR305 - 202102

Descripción: El TI - Introducción al diseño arquitectónico es un curso de especialidad en la carrera. Busca que el estudiante se familiarice con la composición arquitectónica mediante la intuición y la plástica. Este es el primero de los diez cursos de talleres de diseño arquitectónico, que constituyen la columna vertebral de la carrera de Arquitectura. En este taller, el estudiante adquiere los fundamentos para el ejercicio de proyectar a través de ejercicios de composición tridimensionales con elementos tales como; punto, línea, plano y volumen como insumo para descubrimiento de. las posibilidades que ofrecen las propiedades de adición, sustracción, repetición, transformación, así como conceptos para el logro de volúmenes armados y excavados. En base a esta experiencia, que ocupa por lo menos la mitad del periodo, se hacen los primeros diseños de espacios (con criterios funcionales muy básicos) en los que se trabaja con escaleras, relaciones espaciales y las nociones de ingresar y circular entre otras estrategias de conexión con la realidad. En el curso TI - Introducción al diseño arquitectónico los contextos pueden ser teóricos, virtuales o conceptuales, la escala es un factor relativo a la composición la creación de espacios para personas y la función forma parte de las reglas de juego de cada ejercicio. Propósito: El curso TI - Introducción al diseño arquitectónico ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro arquitecto desarrollar las competencias iniciales de composición, a través del uso del lenguaje arquitectónico, sistemas ordenadores y resolución de encargos básicos de arquitectura. El curso contribuye a desarrollar la competencia general Pensamiento Innovador y la competencia específica Diseño fundamentado (que corresponde a los criterios NAAB: PC2, PC5 y SC5) ambas en Nivel 1. Sus prerrequisitos son MA95 Nivelación de Física o haber aprobado la prueba de definición de niveles de Física, MA392 Nivelación de Matemática o haber aprobado la prueba de definición de niveles de Matemáticas y AR206 Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura

Biodiversidad 2018. Reporte de estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

Las cifras y temáticas contenidos en el presente Reporte, aunque no son el panorama completo del estado del conocimiento de la biodiversidad en Colombia, son un compendio seleccionado de los temas que, desde el Instituto Humboldt, consideramos son relevantes y merecen ser discutidos por el público general. En muchos de los casos, las cifras no son esperanzadoras u son un llamado urgente a la acción. En otro casos son la evidencia de que se requieren acciones a nivel nacional, y más allá de esto, son muchas las iniciativas que están germinando desde los territorios, cada vez desde una mayor variedad de actores.Bogotá, D. C., Colombi

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (2)

IX Congreso Geol&oacute;gico Venezolano (2