6,944 research outputs found
Alternative industrial development paths for Indonesia: SAM and CGE analyses
In this article, we examine the economy-wide effects of three alternative growth paths for Indonesia's industrial sector using SAM (social accounting matrix) multiplier analysis and CGE (computable general equilibrium) modeling. The context of the analysis is the immediate post-crisis period â most likely to be in the next millennium â represented in our study by a modified benchmark data set for 1995. Special attention is given to the overall income and equity effects, considering that egalitarian growth has become a particularly important development objective in Indonesia. The results of SAM multiplier analysis indicate relatively strong macro-linkages from agricultural demand-led (ADL) industrialization, yielding a significantly larger increase in real GDP compared to that arising from industrial development oriented to either food processing or light manufacturing. The simulation results based on CGE modeling, which take account of nonlinearities and supply constraints that are ignored in SAM analysis, bear out the dominant influence of demand linkages in showing that ADL industrialization is associated with a larger GDP increase than the two industrial-led development paths.Social accounting., Indonesia., Industrialization.,
Regular and chaotic motion in softened gravitational systems
The stability of the dynamical trajectories of softened spherical
gravitational systems is examined, both in the case of the full -body
problem and that of trajectories moving in the gravitational field of
non-interacting background particles. In the latter case, for ,
some trajectories, even if unstable, had exceedingly long diffusion times,
which correlated with the characteristic e-folding timescale of the
instability. For trajectories of systems this timescale
could be arbitrarily large --- and thus appear to correspond to regular orbits.
For centrally concentrated systems, low angular momentum trajectories were
found to be systematically more unstable. This phenomenon is analogous to the
well known case of trajectories in generic centrally concentrated non-spherical
smooth systems, where eccentric trajectories are found to be chaotic. The
exponentiation times also correlate with the conservation of the angular
momenta along the trajectories. For up to a few hundred, the instability
timescales of -body systems and their variation with particle number are
similar to those of the most chaotic trajectories in inhomogeneous
non-interacting systems. For larger (up to a few thousand) the values of
the these timescales were found to saturate, increasing significantly more
slowly with . We attribute this to collective effects in the fully
self-gravitating problem, which are apparent in the time-variations of the time
dependent Liapunov exponents. The results presented here go some way towards
resolving the long standing apparent paradoxes concerning the local instability
of trajectories of gravitational systems (abridged).Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, Monthly Notices styl
A substitute for the singular Green kernel in the Newtonian potential of celestial bodies
The "point mass singularity" inherent in Newton's law for gravitation
represents a major difficulty in accurately determining the potential and
forces inside continuous bodies. Here we report a simple and efficient
analytical method to bypass the singular Green kernel 1/|r-r'| inside the
source without altering the nature of the interaction. We build an equivalent
kernel made up of a "cool kernel", which is fully regular (and contains the
long-range -GM/r asymptotic behavior), and the gradient of a "hyperkernel",
which is also regular. Compared to the initial kernel, these two components are
easily integrated over the source volume using standard numerical techniques.
The demonstration is presented for three-dimensional distributions in
cylindrical coordinates, which are well-suited to describing rotating bodies
(stars, discs, asteroids, etc.) as commonly found in the Universe. An example
of implementation is given. The case of axial symmetry is treated in detail,
and the accuracy is checked by considering an exact potential/surface density
pair corresponding to a flat circular disc. This framework provides new tools
to keep or even improve the physical realism of models and simulations of
self-gravitating systems, and represents, for some of them, a conclusive
alternative to softened gravity.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 7 pages, color figure
Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) as a Novel Regulator of Early Astroglial Differentiation
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system (CNS)
with various functions. Furthermore, astrocytes show a regional and developmental
heterogeneity traceable with specific markers. In this study, the influence of the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) on astrocytic maturation within
the hippocampus was analyzed during development. Previous studies mostly focused
on the involvement of LRP1 in the neuronal compartment, where the deletion caused
hyperactivity and motor dysfunctions in knockout animals. However, the influence of
LRP1 on glia cells is less intensively investigated. Therefore, we used a newly generated
mouse model, where LRP1 is specifically deleted from GLAST-positive astrocytes colocalized with the expression of the reporter tdTomato to visualize recombination and
knockout events in vivo. The influence of LRP1 on the maturation of hippocampal
astrocytes was assessed with immunohistochemical stainings against stage-specific
markers as well as on mRNA level with RT-PCR analysis. The examination revealed that
the knockout induction caused a significantly decreased number of mature astrocytes
at an early developmental timepoint compared to control animals. Additionally, the
delayed maturation of astrocytes also caused a reduced activity of neurons within the
hippocampus. As previous studies showed that the glial specification and maturation of
astrocytes is dependent on the signaling cascades Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt,
the phosphorylation of the signaling molecules Erk1/2 and Akt was analyzed. The
hippocampal tissue of LRP1-deficient animals at P21 showed a significantly decreased
amount of activated Erk in comparison to control tissue leading to the conclusion that
the activation of this signaling cascade is dependent on LRP1 in astrocytes, which in turn
is necessary for proper maturation of astrocytes. Our results showed that the deletion
of LRP1 at an early developmental timepoint caused a delayed maturation of astrocytes
in the hippocampus based on an altered activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway. However, with ongoing development these effects were compensated and
the number of mature astrocytes was comparable as well as the activity of neurons.
Therefore, LRP1 acts as an early regulator of the differentiation and maturation of
astrocytes within the hippocampus
Streaming Support for Data Intensive Cloud-Based Sequence Analysis
Cloud computing provides a promising solution to the genomics data deluge problem resulting from the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Based on the concepts of âresources-on-demandâ and âpay-as-you-goâ, scientists with no or limited infrastructure can have access to scalable and cost-effective computational resources. However, the large size of NGS data causes a significant data transfer latency from the client's site to the cloud, which presents a bottleneck for using cloud computing services. In this paper, we provide a streaming-based scheme to overcome this problem, where the NGS data is processed while being transferred to the cloud. Our scheme targets the wide class of NGS data analysis tasks, where the NGS sequences can be processed independently from one another. We also provide the elastream package that supports the use of this scheme with individual analysis programs or with workflow systems. Experiments presented in this paper show that our solution mitigates the effect of data transfer latency and saves both time and cost of computation
Effectiveness of adult health promotion initiatives delivered through professional sport : systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Researchers are capitalising on the strong connections that sport fans have with their teams for health promotion programmes, yet no existing systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions delivered through professional sport. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically collate, evaluate, and synthesise the evidence on health promotion interventions implemented in professional sport settings. Methods: Randomised controlled trials reporting on adult health promotion initiatives delivered in professional sport settings were identified through electronic database searches in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. Data on health-related outcomes (e.g., weight, physical activity, dietary intake) were extracted and synthesised, and random effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine effects for weight and waist circumference. Risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2). Results: Six studies reporting on five unique interventions met the inclusion criteria, and all included studies were gender sensitised and exclusively targeted men. Intervention effects were observed for several health outcomes, including physical activity, dietary intake, and psychosocial health. All studies aimed to reduce weight, and for most studies (n = 4), weight was a primary outcome, either of the included study or to inform a future definitive trial. Findings from the meta-analysis revealed an overall significant difference in change in weight of â 3.2 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] â 4.6 to â 1.8) and waist circumference of â 3.9 cm (95% CI â 4.9 to â 2.8), both in favour of the intervention group at 12 weeks. Intervention effects were also reported for several other health outcomes (e.g., physical activity, dietary intake, psychosocial health); however, they were not consistently measured across the studies and thus were not meta-analysed. Conclusion: Health promotion interventions delivered through professional sporting organisations can significantly improve weight- and lifestyle-related health outcomes. Representation across the socioeconomic spectrum and across culturally and linguistically diverse groups was limited. As only a limited number of studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, a need exists for rigorously designed interventions, standardised intervention approaches, with long-term follow-up, and the potential for scalability
Gravitational collapse in an expanding background and the role of substructure II: Excess power at small scales and its effect of collapse of structures at larger scales
We study the interplay of clumping at small scales with the collapse and
relaxation of perturbations at larger scales using N-Body simulations. We
quantify the effect of collapsed haloes on perturbations at larger scales using
two point correlation function, moments of counts in cells and mass function.
The purpose of the study is twofold and the primary aim is to quantify the role
played by collapsed low mass haloes in the evolution of perturbations at large
scales, this is in view of the strong effect seen when the large scale
perturbation is highly symmetric. Another reason for this study is to ask
whether features or a cutoff in the initial power spectrum can be detected
using measures of clustering at scales that are already non-linear. The final
aim is to understand the effect of ignoring perturbations at scales smaller
than the resolution of N-Body simulations. We find that these effects are
ignorable if the scale of non-linearity is larger than the average
inter-particle separation in simulations. Features in in the initial power
spectrum can be detected easily if the scale of these features is in the linear
regime, detecting such features becomes difficult as the relevant scales become
non-linear. We find no effect of features in initial power spectra at small
scales on the evolved power spectra at large scales. We may conclude that in
general, the effect on evolution of perturbations at large scales of clumping
on small scales is very small and may be ignored in most situations.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
The Adaptive TreePM: An Adaptive Resolution Code for Cosmological N-body Simulations
Cosmological N-Body simulations are used for a variety of applications.
Indeed progress in the study of large scale structures and galaxy formation
would have been very limited without this tool. For nearly twenty years the
limitations imposed by computing power forced simulators to ignore some of the
basic requirements for modeling gravitational instability. One of the
limitations of most cosmological codes has been the use of a force softening
length that is much smaller than the typical inter-particle separation. This
leads to departures from collisionless evolution that is desired in these
simulations. We propose a particle based method with an adaptive resolution
where the force softening length is reduced in high density regions while
ensuring that it remains well above the local inter-particle separation. The
method, called the Adaptive TreePM, is based on the TreePM code. We present the
mathematical model and an implementation of this code, and demonstrate that the
results converge over a range of options for parameters introduced in
generalizing the code from the TreePM code. We explicitly demonstrate
collisionless evolution in collapse of an oblique plane wave. We compare the
code with the fixed resolution TreePM code and also an implementation that
mimics adaptive mesh refinement methods and comment on the agreement, and
disagreements in the results. We find that in most respects the ATreePM code
performs at least as well as the fixed resolution TreePM in highly over-dense
regions, from clustering and number density of haloes, to internal dynamics of
haloes. We also show that the adaptive code is faster than the corresponding
high resolution TreePM code.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in the MNRA
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