The influence of adding of flaxseed oil to sunflower oil on the content of tocopherols and carotenoids in blended edible oils

Blending vegetable oils of different composition and properties is one of the simplest methods for creating new specific products with the desired properties, which increases their commercial application and improves their nutritional quality. The effect of blending vegetable oils on tocopherols and carotenoids content was examined. Refined sunflower seed oil (S) and cold pressed flaxseed oil (F) were used in the experiment. These oils are blended in three different content of mass: sample 70S:30F (70% S and 30% F), sample 50S:50F (50% S and 50% F) and sample 30S:70F (30% S and 70% F). The results showed significant differences in the content of total tocopherols and total carotenoids between the two oils used for the preparation of three blended oils. Refined sunflower seed oil contains higher amounts of tocopherols and fewer amounts of carotenoids compared to cold pressed flaxseed oil in which the content of tocopherols is lower and the content of carotenoids is higher. In the obtained blends of edible vegetable oils, the content of total tocopherols ranged from 387.96 to 447.83 mg/kg while the determined total carotenoids content (as B-caroten) ranged from 3.11 to 5.63 mg/kg. By blending refined oil of sunflower seed and cold pressed oil of flax-seed, the balance of the parameters studied is contributed. The research in the work showed that the blending of vegetable oils provides the possibility of modulating their composition, and therefore of nutritive quality

Investigation of content of primary and secondary oxidation products in sunflower oils with a different content of oleic acid

Oxidative stability, i.c. shelf life of oil is related to the degree of the oxidative changes in the amount of the resulting primary and secondary oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids. In order to improve oxidative stability, i.e. oil shelf life, sunflower hybrids with altered fatty acid composition have been created, i.e. significantly higher oleic acid (C18:1) content, even over 90% w/w, relative to the linoleic type with 25-30% w/w of oleic and 60-65% w/w of linoleic acid (C18:2). In order to examine the oxidative stability of the oil, three samples of sunflower seed oil NS hybrids (NS Oliva, NS Horizont and NS Romeo) of different fatty acid composition were analyzed. Samples were exposed to moderate temperatures (6342°C) over a period of 8 days. Changes in the content of primary and secondary oxidation products based on changes in peroxide (PV) and anisidine (p-AnV) values, as well as changes in the content of conjugated dienes and trienes, were observed. The highest oxidative stability was observed in the oleic type oil sample. In this sample the determined values of the tested parameters of oxidative stability, after 8 days, were PV=4.85 mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.65, compared to the initial sample (PV=0.36 mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.57). The greatest oxidative changes occurred in the oil sample with the lowest content of oleic and the highest content of linoleic acid, as indicated by the PV=73.22 mmol/kg and p-AnV=3.60, after 8 days, in relation to PV=2.16 mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.50 in the initial linoleic type oil sample

Supplementary data for the article: Herceg Romanić, S.; Jovanović, G.; Mustać, B.; Stojanović-Đinović, J.; Stojić, A.; Čadež, T.; Popović, A. Fatty Acids, Persistent Organic Pollutants, and Trace Elements in Small Pelagic Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 170, 112654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112654.

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112654]Related to publisshed version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4593

Chemical Methods for Determination of Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Biological Material

U ovome preglednom radu prikazani su postupci analize hidroksiliranih metabolita policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika i poliklorbifenila u ljudima i životinjama. Ti metaboliti služe kao biomarkeri izloženosti ljudi i životinja navedenim zagađivalima, no neki od njih i sami posjeduju toksična svojstva. Analiziraju se najčešće u urinu koji je kao uzorak najdostupniji, ali se isto tako mogu analizirati i u ljudskoj, odnosno životinjskoj jetri, žuči i masnom tkivu. Analiza metabolita aromatskih zagađivala važna je zbog određivanja biodostupnosti aromatskih zagađivala, njihove potencijalne toksičnosti u ljudskom organizmu, ali i zbog toksičnosti samih metabolita. Napredak analitičkih metoda omogućio je simultanu analizu velikog broja metabolita u uzorcima. Nove tehnike ekstrakcije i selektivnije i preciznije kvalitativne i kvantitativne analize omogućuju detekciju vrlo niskih koncentracija metabolita. Pri tome dodatnu prednost imaju jednostavne tehnike koje zahtijevaju manje kemikalija i vremena za analizu.This review presents methods for the analysis of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in humans and animals. These metabolites serve as biomarkers of human and animal exposure to the mentioned pollutants, but some metabolites also have toxic properties. Most are analysed in urine, which is the most accessible sample, but they can also be analysed in human and animal liver, bile, and adipose tissue. Their analysis is important for assessing bioavailability of aromatic pollutants and their toxicity in human organism, but also the toxicity of metabolites themselves. Advancements in analytical methods have made it possible to analyse multiple metabolites in a sample at the same time. New extraction techniques and more precise and selective qualitative and quantitative analyses can now detect very low metabolite oncentrations. An extra advantage is that these simple techniques require less chemicals and time

Essential fatty acids, nutritive value and oxidative stability of cold pressed hempseed ( Cannabis sativa L.) oil from different varieties

The fatty acid composition, nutritive value and oxidative stability of cold pressed oils, obtained from seven different hemp cultivars, were investigated. The results show that the content of gamma-linolenic acid in the oil depends on the cultivar, ranging from 0.80 to 2.46%. The ratio between essential omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the oil was 3.5:1 to 4.2:1, satisfying the demands of modern healthy nutrition regarding lipids. Due to high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the oxidative stability of cold pressed hemp oil is poor. The induction period at 100 °C, determined by accelerated oxidative method — Rancimat test, was 6.4 to 7.6 h

Oxidative stability and tocopherol content of refined sunflower oil during long-term storage in different commercial packagings

The study was undertaken to monitor the changes in oxidative stability and α-tocopherol content of refined sunflower oil during 12 months of storage at room temperature in different commercial packagings: Tetra brick, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and polyethylene (PE) canisters. The results showed significant influence of packaging type on the oxidative stability of oil. The largest changes were determined in oil packed in PE canisters (volume 5 l), where the peroxide values (PV) after 12 months were 9.34 and 10.46 mmol kg−1, while the lowest increase in PV were 1.05 and 1.67 mmol kg−1 in Tetra brick packaging. The highest increase in specific absorbances was also noticed for oil packed in PE canister. It came to loss of tocopherol during storage in accordance with the degree of oil oxidation. In oil packed in Tetra brick 6.52 and 8.14% losses of tocopherol (compared to the initial value) were found, while the losses in canister were found to be 14.18 and 17.88%. The results of Schaal-oven test also indicated decrease of oxidative stability during storage in accordance with protective properties of packagings and packing conditions

Influence of fatty acid composition of sunflower kernel on quality and shelf-life of cookies

Sunflower kernel is a rich source of nutritively valuable components like proteins, essential fatty and amino acids, vitamins and mineral matters and as such, is a convenient raw material for the production of enriched cookies, biscuits, crackers as functional food. The influence of high-oleic type sunflower kernel on quality and stability of cookies was investigated, compared to products with standard confectionary sunflower kernel, with dominating polyunsaturated linoleic acid. The optimal keeping time of cookies with standard confectionary sunflower kernel is 4 months, and of cookies with high-oleic sunflower kernel is significantly longer than 5 months

The influence of adding of flaxseed oil to sunflower oil on the content of tocopherols and carotenoids in blended edible oils

Blending vegetable oils of different composition and properties is one of the simplest methods for creating new specific products with the desired properties, which increases their commercial application and improves their nutritional quality. The effect of blending vegetable oils on tocopherols and carotenoids content was examined. Refined sunflower seed oil (S) and cold pressed flaxseed oil (F) were used in the experiment. These oils are blended in three different content of mass: sample 70S:30F (70% S and 30% F), sample 50S:50F (50% S and 50% F) and sample 30S:70F (30% S and 70% F). The results showed significant differences in the content of total tocopherols and total carotenoids between the two oils used for the preparation of three blended oils. Refined sunflower seed oil contains higher amounts of tocopherols and fewer amounts of carotenoids compared to cold pressed flaxseed oil in which the content of tocopherols is lower and the content of carotenoids is higher. In the obtained blends of edible vegetable oils, the content of total tocopherols ranged from 387.96 to 447.83 mg/kg while the determined total carotenoids content (as B-caroten) ranged from 3.11 to 5.63 mg/kg. By blending refined oil of sunflower seed and cold pressed oil of flax-seed, the balance of the parameters studied is contributed. The research in the work showed that the blending of vegetable oils provides the possibility of modulating their composition, and therefore of nutritive quality

Prediction of the firmness of the selected sunflower hybrid seed based on its technological characteristics

Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus L.) are the most represented oilseed in Serbia. During the oil production process, the seeds are partially and/or completely dehulled. Sharma et al. (2009) found that, in addition to the moisture content of the seed, the effect of dehulling is also significantly influenced by seed firmness. The dehulling effect increases with decreasing seed firmness. This paper examines the technological characteristics of sunflower seeds of selected hybrids (true density, content of hull in seeds and mass of 1000 grains expressed on dry matter), based on which a mathematical model for prediction of seed firmness was made. The tested samples are oily hybrids, grown on the territory of Serbia in 2017, namely: NS Horizont, Sumo 2 OR, NS Sumo Sjaj, NS Samuraj CLP, NS Smaragd CLP. True density, content of hull in seed, and mass of 1000 grains expressed on dry matter were made according to Karlovi¢ and Andri¢ (1996), while seed firmness was made using Texture Analyzer TA.HD Plus (Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, U.K.). Firmness of the samples tested ranged from 5522.67 + 765.40 to 6889.10 + 1220.62 g, true density from 753.92 + 18.23 to 877.33 + 0.93 kg m°%, hull content of 47.54 + 0.13 to 55.15 + 0.87% and a mass of 1000 grains expressed on dry matter of 48.83 + 0.80 to 57.10 + 2.52 g. Model validation was also performed, and based on the statistical validation parameters, it is concluded that it is possible to predict seed firmness based on its technological characteristics