CoCAS: a ChIP-on-chip analysis suite

Motivation: High-density tiling microarrays are increasingly used in combination with ChIP assays to study transcriptional regulation. To ease the analysis of the large amounts of data generated by this approach, we have developed ChIP-on-chip Analysis Suite (CoCAS), a standalone software suite which implements optimized ChIP-on-chip data normalization, improved peak detection, as well as quality control reports. Our software allows dye swap, replicate correlation and connects easily with genome browsers and other peak detection algorithms. CoCAS can readily be used on the latest generation of Agilent high-density arrays. Also, the implemented peak detection methods are suitable for other datasets, including ChIP-Seq output

A study of transcriptional regulation and development of bioinformatic tools for high-throughput sequencing technologies

Les mécanismes de régulation de l’expression génétique sont essentiels pour l’adaptation du comportement cellulaire face à son environnement (différenciation, développement, réponse à un stimulus). Les études moléculaires décrivent une grande diversité de facteurs impliqués dans ce phénomène (TFs, marques épigénétiques, nucléosomes) et plusieurs niveaux de régulation (initiation, élongation, épissage, maturation) qui expliquent la complexité du transcriptome cellulaire. Durant ma thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux processus de régulation de la transcription en nous appuyant sur le modèle de la différenciation lymphocytaire murine. Nos études décrivent le recrutement des GTFs et une activité transcriptionnelle caractéristique aux promoteurs des gènes et sur les enhancers. Nous montrons également que les ilots CpG (CGIs) sont des éléments régulateurs majeurs chez les mammifères et qu’ils contribuent de manière transcription-indépendante à la déplétion nucléosomale observée aux promoteurs de certains gènes. Nos collaborations nous ont également permis d’aborder des sujets relatifs à l’élongation de la transcription, l’épissage alternatif, ou les combinatoires de PTMs que peuvent exhiber le CTD de l’ARN Pol II et les queues d’histones. Dans un contexte de transition de l’ère pré-génomique vers des approches expérimentales pangénomiques (s’appuyant notamment sur les technologies de séquençage haut débit), une proportion importante de ma période doctorale fut consacrée au développement d’outils bioinformatiques pour le traitement et les analyses de données expérimentales, issues de ChIP-on-chip puis de HTS (ChIP-Seq, MNase-Seq, RNA-Seq).Mechanisms underlying the regulation of genetic expression are crucial for cell maintenance and adaptation to environment (differentiation, development...). Molecular approaches reveal a great diversity of factors involved in this process (TFs, epigenetics, nucleosomes) and several layers of regulation (transcription initiation, elongation, splicing, maturation) which contribute to the observed transcriptome complexity. During my thesis, we studied the mechanisms of transcription regulation in mammals during lymphocyte differentiation. Briefly, we described the recruitment of GTFs and the transcriptional activity occurring on promoters and enhancers. We also reveal that CpG islands (CGIs) are major regulator elements in mammals, which contribute to nucleosome depletion in a transcription-independent manner on a significant amount of promoters. Together with our collaborators, we also studied the mechanisms of transcription elongation, alternative splicing, or the complex combinatorial patterns of PTMs that can be set on the CTD of RNA Polymerase II and on histone tails. In the context of transition from pre-genomic studies to genome-wide experiments, an important part of my work consisted in the development of bioinformatics tools for the processing and analysis of experimental datasets from ChIP-on-chip, and HTS technologies (ChIP-Seq, MNase-Seq, RNA-Seq)

The chromatin environment shapes DNA replication origin organization and defines origin classes

International audienc

Responses to the Hydrostatic Pressure of Surface and Subsurface Strains of Pseudothermotoga elfii Revealing the Piezophilic Nature of the Strain Originating From an Oil-Producing Well

International audienc

Pasha: a versatile R package for piling chromatin HTS data

International audienc

Tyrosine phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD is associated with antisense promoter transcription and active enhancers in mammalian cells

International audienc

Adaptation Strategies to High Hydrostatic Pressures in Pseudothermotoga species Revealed by Transcriptional Analyses

International audiencePseudothermotoga elfii strain DSM9442 and P. elfii subsp. lettingae strain DSM14385 are hyperthermophilic bacteria. P. elfii DSM9442 is a piezophile and was isolated from a depth of over 1600 m in an oil-producing well in Africa. P. elfii subsp. lettingae is piezotolerant and was isolated from a thermophilic bioreactor fed with methanol as the sole carbon and energy source. In this study, we analyzed both strains at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, paying particular attention to changes in response to pressure increases. Transcriptomic analyses revealed common traits of adaptation to increasing hydrostatic pressure in both strains, namely, variations in transport membrane or carbohydrate metabolism, as well as species-specific adaptations such as variations in amino acid metabolism and transport for the deep P. elfii DSM9442 strain. Notably, this work highlights the central role played by the amino acid aspartate as a key intermediate of the pressure adaptation mechanisms in the deep strain P. elfii DSM9442. Our comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a gene cluster involved in lipid metabolism that is specific to the deep strain and that was differentially expressed at high hydrostatic pressures and might, thus, be a good candidate for a piezophilic gene marker in Pseudothermotogales