Food Groups Associated with a Composite Measure of Probability of Adequate Intake of 11 Micronutrients in the Diets of Women in Urban Mali

The prevalence of micronutrient deficiency is high among women of reproductive age living in urban Mali. Despite this, there are little data on the dietary intake of micronutrients among women of reproductive age in Mali. This research tested the relationship between the quantity of intake of 21 possible food groups and estimated usual micronutrient (folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A, iron, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin C, and zinc) intakes and a composite measure of adequacy of 11 micronutrients [mean probability of adequacy (MPA)] based on the individual probability of adequacy (PA) for the 11 micronutrients. Food group and micronutrient intakes were calculated from 24-h recall data in an urban sample of Malian women. PA was lowest for folate, vitamin B-12, calcium, and riboflavin. The overall MPA for the composite measure of 11 micronutrients was 0.47 +/- 0.18. Grams of intake from the nuts/seeds, milk/yogurt, vitamin A-rich dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), and vitamin C-rich vegetables food groups were correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.20-0.36; P 0.5, respectively. These findings can be used to further the development of indicators of dietary diversity and to improve micronutrient intakes of women of reproductive age. J. Nutr. 140: 2070S-2078S, 2010

Association of out-of-home eating with anthropometric changes : a systematic review of prospective studies

In the present review, the association of out-of-home eating with anthropometric changes was examined. Peer-reviewed studies in eight databases were searched, and 15 prospective studies were included in the review. The quality of the data was assessed by considering risks of bias in sample selection, data collection methods, and the appropriateness of statistical tests. From this, seven studies, which used relatively large samples or had a follow-up period longer than 10years, were retained for further analysis. It was concluded that eating out-of-home frequently, in the broad sense, is positively associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese and weight change. With regard to specific out-of-home sources, the review shows that eating at fast-food outlets is associated with a greater increase in body weight and waist circumference over time than eating at restaurants and takeaway foods positively predict BMI change in women. More research is needed on out-of-home foods other than fast-foods and restaurant foods, such as street, canteen, and school foods

Phytic acid (IP6) content in fonio (75%) - wheat (25%) flour porridge at different incubation time (0 to 240 min).

<p>Phytic acid (IP6) content in fonio (75%) - wheat (25%) flour porridge at different incubation time (0 to 240 min).</p

Experimental design of iron absorption test with fonio porridge using stable iron isotope.

<p>FFP, Fonio flour porridge; FWFP, fonio + wheat flour porridge; ⁵⁷FeSO₄ and ⁵⁸FeSO₄, ferrous sulfate labeled with Fe isotopes ⁵⁷Fe and ⁵⁸Fe, respectively.</p

Apparent phytase activity and phytic acid content of untreated grains, nuts and seeds.

1<p>Measured at pH 5.0, 45°C.</p>2<p>1 phytase unit (PU) is equivalent to the enzymatic activity that liberates 1 µmol inorganic phosphate per min under specified conditions.</p>3<p>Values represent mean ± SD of triplicate analysis in dry products.</p>4<p>Values are mean of duplicate analysis in wet products.</p

phytate, phytate∶iron molar ratio and iron absorption from high phytate (without wheat) and low phytate (with wheat) iron-fortified fonio porridges.

1<p>Geometric mean (−SD, +SD).</p>2<p>Values are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.0001).</p