The wavelength dependence of polarization in NGC 2023

NGC 2023 is a bright reflection nebula illuminated by the central star HD37903. At 2 microns the nebula is seen solely by reflected light from the central star but in the NIR there is excess radiation that is supposed to arise from thermal emission from a population of small grains (Sellgren, 1984). The unexpectedly high surface brightness at R and I wavelengths has led to the suggestion that even at these wavelengths there is a significant contribution from this thermal emission process (Witt, Schild, and Kraiman, 1984). If the nebula is seen by reflected starlight then this radiation will be linearly polarized. The level of polarization depends on the scattering geometry, grain size distribution, etc., and is typically 20 to 40 percent for nebulae such as NGC 1999 which is morphologically similar to NGC 2023. If, in any waveband, there is a contribution of radiation from emission processes this radiation will be unpolarized and will serve to dilute the scattered radiation to give a lower level of observed polarization. A study of the wavelength dependence of polarization in nebulae in which there may be thermal emission from grains will indicate the contribution from this process to the total luminosity. Polarization maps were produced in BVRI wavebands for the NGC 2023 nebulosity which confirm that at all wavelengths it is a reflection nebula illuminated by a central star. The wavelength dependence of polarization at representative points in the nebula and in a scatter plot of polarization in V and I wavebands at all points at which measurements are given. Results indicate that throughout the nebula there is a general trend for the level of polarization to increase with wavelength and that maximum levels of polarization occur at the longest wavelengths. No evidence is seen in the data for any significant contribution from the thermal emission from grains in the BVRI luminosity of NGC 2023

Production status of GaAs/Ge solar cells and panels

GaAs/Ge solar cells with lot average efficiencies in excess of 18 percent were produced by MOCVD growth techniques. A description of the cell, its performance and the production facility are discussed. Production GaAs/Ge cells of this type were recently assembled into circuits and bonded to aluminum honeycomb panels to be used as the solar array for the British UOSAT-F program

Validating a methodology to measure frailty syndromes at hospital level utilising administrative data.

BACKGROUND: Identifying older people with clinical frailty, reliably and at scale, is a research priority. We measured frailty in older people using a novel methodology coding frailty syndromes on routinely collected administrative data, developed on a national English secondary care population, and explored its performance of predicting inpatient mortality and long length of stay at a single acute hospital. METHODOLOGY: We included patient spells from Secondary User Service (SUS) data for those ≥65 years with attendance to the emergency department or admission to West Middlesex University Hospital between 01 July 2016 to 01 July 2017. We created eight groups of frailty syndromes using diagnostic coding groups. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to explore performance of diagnostic coding groups for the above outcomes. RESULTS: We included 17,199 patient episodes in the analysis. There was at least one frailty syndrome present in 7,004 (40.7%) patient episodes. The resultant model had moderate discrimination for inpatient mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.76) and upper quartile length of stay (AUC 0.731; 95% CI 0.722-0.741). There was good negative predictive value for inpatient mortality (98.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Coded frailty syndromes significantly predict outcomes. Model diagnostics suggest the model could be used for screening of elderly patients to optimise their care

Delivering mental healthcare to patients with a depressive disorder alongside a life-limiting illness

The concurrent assessment and treatment of mental health disorders and palliative illnesses is complex. Affective disorders are more prevalent in people who need palliative care. Identifying the most suitable place of care and multi-professional multidisciplinary teams to provide support can be challenging and bewildering for professionals and patients. Mental health clinicians may be left with a sense of therapeutic nihilism, while palliative care teams can feel limited by the mental health resources available for treating those living with significant physical and mental health needs. We discuss the fictional case of a gentleman with metastatic bowel cancer who has developed symptoms of depressive disorder and identify how taking a pragmatic patient-centred approach can offer a route through potential dilemmas when seeking to provide individualised care based on needs. We used lay person experience alongside our own experiences of novel mechanisms for cross-specialty working in order to direct psychiatric trainees' approaches to such cases

Lipid droplet detection by the cavity perturbation method

There are currently no point-of-care diagnosis strategies available to indicate the presence of neoplasmic growth. This research aims to develop a novel diagnostic strategy based on detecting TAG accumulation in cells. This element of the research is a preliminary experiment to prove the concept of detecting TAG lipid droplets in YEPD media. It was found that a change in mono-unsaturated concentration can be detected by the frequency shift in a resonant cavity. The dielectric constant of TAG vegetable oils was calculated at 2.34-2.39. It was also found that concentrations of lipid droplet can be differentiated up to 5% (v/v)

Infiltration rate as affected by an alfalfa and no-till cotton cropping system

Previous studies measured a long-term increase in infiltration rate in a sandy loam soil with time when alfalfa (Medicago saliva L., cv. WL514) was grown. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was direct-planted into alfalfa to determine if the high infiltration rates measured under alfalfa culture could be maintained in cotton under either a till or no-till system. Treatments were no-till or tillage to the 0.15 - m depth just before the cotton was planted. Prior compaction levels created by harvest traffic applied to the alfalfa made the soil loose or compacted. Cotton was planted flat and irrigated as a basin. Infiltration rates measured 2 h after water was applied and averaged for the season were 101 (no-till, loose), 56 (till, loose), 82 (no-till, compacted), and 42 mm/h (till, compacted). All the infiltration rates were much higher than normally measured for cotton in these soils. Water flow in the 5-yr-old alfalfa was determined to be mainly through the soil macropore system. High infiltration rates measured in the no-till cotton were also probably the result of flow through the macropores

Graphical Signage Decreases Negative Attitudes towards Robots and Robot Anxiety in Human-Robot Co-working

To achieve full potential of collaborative robots, human operators need confidence in robotic co-worker technologies and their capacities. We compare the impact of dynamic signage with static signage on the human-robot collaboration task performance. The results provide evidence that dynamic signage participants had higher accuracy rates compared to static signage ones. Furthermore, dynamic signage resulted in a significant decrease of NARS scores and static signage in a decrease of RAS scores after the interaction with the robot

Be outraged: there are alternatives

Pushed to extremes, austerity is bad economics, bad arithmetic, and ignores the lessons of history. We, an international group of economists and social scientists, are outraged at the narrow range of austerity policies which are bringing so many people around the world to their knees, especially in Europe. Austerity and cutbacks are reducing growth and worsening poverty. In our professional opinions, there are alternatives – for Britain, Europe and all countries that currently imagine that government cutbacks are the only way out of debt. The low-growth, no-growth trap means that the share of debt in GNP falls ever more slowly, if at all. It may even rise – as it has in some countries

Pengaruh Harga Terhadap Peningkatan Penjualan Produk Semen Tiga Roda Pada PT. Robcaga Beo Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud

The development in business world these days is market by the competition between the business company is getting fierce. Especially in managing the company business unit. It is shown by the appearance of a company that offer a good quality product with a compete price on the market. To handle the fierce competition on the market then one from so many effort that the company do is by apply the strategic price. Which on the way of applying that strategi the company try to set a price that can be compete in the market so the increase sale of the product become maximum. With right price and controlled will result the domino effect to a company to build long term relationship with costumer so it can increase the sales volume. This research is a descriptive quantitative research by using the correlation approach and simple regression. To see relation between variable and to measure the impact to the variable itself. So the purpose of this research is to know how far the price effect and to the increase of PT. ROBCAGA in Talaud. According to the sesult of the research, can be shown as following: price has a correlation and significant determination effort to the increase sale of PT. ROBCAGA Talaud. According to the data analysis, coefficient value moment r = 0,685. That show there is a positive relation, and can be categorize as high and strong, also price coefficient determination to the increase sale is by 46,5% and 53,5% by the rest of it depends on the unknown factors that not been analyze in this research

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty