Asymptotic entanglement in a two-dimensional quantum walk

The evolution operator of a discrete-time quantum walk involves a conditional shift in position space which entangles the coin and position degrees of freedom of the walker. After several steps, the coin-position entanglement (CPE) converges to a well defined value which depends on the initial state. In this work we provide an analytical method which allows for the exact calculation of the asymptotic reduced density operator and the corresponding CPE for a discrete-time quantum walk on a two-dimensional lattice. We use the von Neumann entropy of the reduced density operator as an entanglement measure. The method is applied to the case of a Hadamard walk for which the dependence of the resulting CPE on initial conditions is obtained. Initial states leading to maximum or minimum CPE are identified and the relation between the coin or position entanglement present in the initial state of the walker and the final level of CPE is discussed. The CPE obtained from separable initial states satisfies an additivity property in terms of CPE of the corresponding one-dimensional cases. Non-local initial conditions are also considered and we find that the extreme case of an initial uniform position distribution leads to the largest CPE variation.Comment: Major revision. Improved structure. Theoretical results are now separated from specific examples. Most figures have been replaced by new versions. The paper is now significantly reduced in size: 11 pages, 7 figure

The effect of large-decoherence on mixing-time in Continuous-time quantum walks on long-range interacting cycles

In this paper, we consider decoherence in continuous-time quantum walks on long-range interacting cycles (LRICs), which are the extensions of the cycle graphs. For this purpose, we use Gurvitz's model and assume that every node is monitored by the corresponding point contact induced the decoherence process. Then, we focus on large rates of decoherence and calculate the probability distribution analytically and obtain the lower and upper bounds of the mixing time. Our results prove that the mixing time is proportional to the rate of decoherence and the inverse of the distance parameter (\emph{m}) squared. This shows that the mixing time decreases with increasing the range of interaction. Also, what we obtain for \emph{m}=0 is in agreement with Fedichkin, Solenov and Tamon's results \cite{FST} for cycle, and see that the mixing time of CTQWs on cycle improves with adding interacting edges.Comment: 16 Pages, 2 Figure

Pseudo-Hermitian continuous-time quantum walks

In this paper we present a model exhibiting a new type of continuous-time quantum walk (as a quantum mechanical transport process) on networks, which is described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian possessing a real spectrum. We call it pseudo-Hermitian continuous-time quantum walk. We introduce a method to obtain the probability distribution of walk on any vertex and then study a specific system. We observe that the probability distribution on certain vertices increases compared to that of the Hermitian case. This formalism makes the transport process faster and can be useful for search algorithms.Comment: 13 page, 7 figure

Colonização endofítica em Glycine max (Fabaceae) por Metarhizium anisopliae.

Metarhizium anisopliae é um fungo entomopatogênico utilizado para o manejo de pragas de culturas importantes economicamente. Além disso, é capaz de colonizar endofiticamente uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de colonização endofítica do M. anisopliae em plantas de soja em laboratório

Helicoverpa armigera: ameaça a lavouras Bt de algodoeiro.

O lançamento comercial, em 1996, de plantas de milho e algodão geneticamente modificadas para controlar pragas causou uma revolução no manejo de lagartas, sendo adotadas amplamente em diversas culturas desde então. Essa tática de controle promoveu a redução significativa do uso de inseticidas, gerando, consequentemente, benefícios como reduções nos custos de produção (Carpenter, 2010), nas taxas de intoxicação de trabalhadores por inseticidas (Koser; Qain, 2011), nos impactos em espécies não alvo dos inseticidas, como inimigos naturais e polinizadores (Lu et al., 2012), e nas pressões de seleção de populações resistentes causadas pelos inseticidas. Entretanto, qualquer tática de controle exerce pressão de seleção de indivíduos mais resistentes.bitstream/item/185478/1/2018-cpamt-rafael-pitta-helicoverpa-armigera-ameaca-algodoeiro.pd

Cordyceps javanica tem atividade endofítica nas plantas?

Cordyceps javanica é um fungo entomopatogênico, utilizado no manejo de diversas pragas. A capacidade endofítica de fungos entomopatogênicos vem sendo reportada na literatura. Outras espécies do gênero já foram descritas como endofíticas, promovendo crescimento de plantas e mortalidade de pragas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de colonização endofítica do formulado a base de C. javanica em plantas de Glycine max (Fabaceae)

Atividade ovicida de Plinazolin a diferentes espécies de insetos-praga.

A determinação da eficácia de inseticidas químicos com novo modo de ação e sobre a fase do inseto pouco explorada constituem importantes componentes do manejo da resistência. Desta forma, neste estudo foi avaliada a atividade do novo inseticida Plinazolin a ovos de diferentes espécies de insetos como Bemisia tabaci, Euschistus heros, Diatraea saccharalis, Rachiplusia nu, Spodoptera frugiperda, Anticarsia gemmatalis e Chrysodeixis includens

Controle de ovos, ninfas de 1º. ao 4º. instar da mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci com inseticidas químicos na soja.

Para o manejo eficiente da mosca-branca é importante determinar a eficiência de controle dos inseticidas nas suas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de quatro inseticidas químicos na mortalidade de ovos e ninfas de 1º. ao 4º. instar

HPLC-DAD analysis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Hyptis umbrosa in mice

Hyptis umbrosa (syn. Mesosphaerum sidifolium) (Lamiaceae Family) has been used to treat several conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, skin infections, nasal congestion, fever and cramps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, analgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles of ethanol extract from leaves of Hyptis umbrosa (EEB). HPLC-DAD was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the extract. Male Swiss mice were orally pretreated with EEB (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg; 60 min before initiating algesic stimulation) and antinociceptive activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing model, formalin test and hyperalgesia induced by glutamate or capsaicin. Also, peritonitis was induced by the intrathoracic injection of carrageenan to quantify the total number of leukocytes. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract was confirmed using HPLC-DAD. The treatment with EEB, at all doses, produced a significant analgesic effect against acetic acid-induced antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, only the 400-mg/kg-dose of EEB had a significant effect in the first phase. However, all doses tested were able to reverse nociception in the second phase. The effect of all doses of EEB also showed a significant antinociceptive effect in the glutamate and capsaicin tests and inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. The present study suggests that the EEB possesses peripheral analgesic action and showed potential in reducing the spreading of the inflammatory processes. Also, it seems to be related with vanilloid and glutamate receptors

Dream-enactment behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international COVID-19 sleep study

There has been increasing concern about the long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as evidenced by anecdotal case reports of acute-onset parkinsonism and the polysomnographic feature of increased rapid eye movement sleep electromyographic activity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dream-enactment behaviours, a hallmark of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, which is a prodrome of α-synucleinopathy. This online survey was conducted between May and August 2020 in 15 countries/regions targeting adult participants (aged ≥18 years) from the general population with a harmonised structured questionnaire on sleep patterns and disorders, COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms. We assessed dream-enactment behaviours using the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder Single-Question Screen with an additional question on their frequency. Among 26,539 respondents, 21,870 (82.2%) answered all items that were analysed in this study (mean [SD] age 41.6 [15.8] years; female sex 65.5%). The weighted prevalence of lifetime and weekly dream-enactment behaviours was 19.4% and 3.1% and were found to be 1.8- and 2.9-times higher in COVID-19-positive cases, respectively. Both lifetime and weekly dream-enactment behaviours were associated with young age, male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, higher physical activity level, nightmares, COVID-19 diagnosis, olfactory impairment, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, mood, and post-traumatic stress disorder features. Among COVID-19-positive cases, weekly dream-enactment behaviours were positively associated with the severity of COVID-19. Dream-enactment behaviours are common among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and further increase among patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential neurodegenerative effect of COVID-19