MODULATION, TYPOLOGY OF FRAMES AND ADJUSTMENT TO THE LIMITS IN THE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURAL METROLOGY

[EN] The results obtained in the graphic analysis of the modulation of the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo building in Granada, Spain, (Roldán 2011) have provided new insights to further researches on the possible use of double-scale in ancient architecture.We propose the characterization of the singularities of the system in order to be able to elucidate the knowledge which has not been preserved, taking advantage of the implications and graphic representation required by the metrological scheme identified, the variety of typologies that are presented in their modular frames, as well as the adjustment to each design limits. By means of icons as simple as a half square all frames both static and dynamic which modulate ancient buildings can be justified. The adjustment approach allows a wide versatility of design and resolves some technical aspects.[ES] A partir de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio gráfico del trazado del edificio del Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo de Granada, España (Roldán 2011), se abre un ingente campo de trabajo sobre el estudio y análisis del posible uso del sistema de doble escala en la arquitectura antigua. Planteamos, en un primer estadio, caracterizar las peculiaridades del sistema con objeto de profundizar en su investigación para poder dilucidar el conocimiento, que no ha sido preservado, aprovechando las implicaciones gráficas y de representación que demanda el esquema metrológico detectado, la variedad tipológica que presentan sus tramas modulares, y el ajuste a los límites de cada diseño. Mediante iconos tan sencillos como una escuadra se justifican todas las tramas, tanto estáticas como dinámicas, que modulan el edificio. El ajuste por aproximación permite una enorme versatilidad de diseño y soluciona además aspectos técnicos.Roldán, F. (2012). MODULACIÓN, TIPOLOGÍA DE TRAMAS Y AJUSTE A LOS LÍMITES EN LA METROLOGÍA ARQUITECTÓNICA CLÁSICA. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 17(20):172-183. doi:10.4995/ega.2012.1448SWORD172183172

GDP-linked bonds: why so few, and why so expensive?

With governments around the world facing potential strain to mount responses to COVID-19, state-contingent sovereign debt instruments that would provide automatic debt relief have come to the forefront of policy debates. Francisco Roch and Francisco Roldán propose a framework to understand why such instruments have found limited success so far and propose ways to improve their design

Piezoelectricity and valley Chern number in inhomogeneous hexagonal 2D crystals

Conversion of mechanical forces to electric signal is possible in non-centrosymmetric materials due to linear piezoelectricity. The extraordinary mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials and their high crystallinity make them exceptional platforms to study and exploit the piezoelectric effect. Here, the piezoelectric response of non-centrosymmetric hexagonal two-dimensional crystals is studied using the modern theory of polarization and ${\bm k} \cdot {\bm p}$ model Hamiltonians. An analytical expression for the piezoelectric constant is obtained in terms of topological quantities such as the {\it valley Chern number}. The theory is applied to semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal Boron Nitride. We find good agreement with available experimental measurements for MoS$_2$. We further generalise the theory to study the polarization of samples subjected to inhomogeneous strain (e.g.~nanobubbles). We obtain a simple expression in terms of the strain tensor, and show that charge densities $\gtrsim 10^{11} {\rm cm}^{-2}$ can be induced by realistic inhomogeneous strains, $\epsilon \approx 0.01 - 0.03$.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Don Pedro Ponce Carrasco: obispo de Cuba y Quito (1747-1775)

Tomo I ; págs. 309-35

Entrepreneurial intention, cognitive social capital and culture : empirical anaylisis for Spain and Taiwan

The main purpose of this paper is building a research model to integrate the socioeconomic concept of social capital within intentional models of new firm creation. Nevertheless, some researchers have found cultural differences between countries and regions to have an effect on economic development. Therefore, a second objective of this study is exploring whether those cultural differences affect entrepreneurial cognitions. Research design and methodology: Two samples of last year university students from Spain and Taiwan are studied through an Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ). Structural equation models (Partial Least Squares) are used to test the hypotheses. The possible existence of differences between both sub-samples is also empirically explored through a multigroup analysis. Main outcomes and results: The proposed model explains 54.5% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention. Besides, there are some significant differences between both subsamples that could be attributed to cultural diversity. Conclusions: This paper has shown the relevance of cognitive social capital in shaping individuals' entrepreneurial intentions across different countries. Furthermore, it suggests that national culture could be shaping entrepreneurial perceptions, but not cognitive social capital. Therefore, both cognitive social capital and culture (made up essentially of values and beliefs), may act together to reinforce the entrepreneurial intention