In Vitro Activity of Pithecellobium Dulce and Lysiloma Acapulcensis on Exogenous Development Stages of Sheep Gastrointestinal Strongyles

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two lyophilised aqueous extracts of Lysiloma acapulcensis (LAE) and Phitecellobium dulce (PDE) tree leaves on in vitro assessment of hatching of eggs, larval development and migration of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep using a general linear model. Treatments contained extracts from both species at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL. Both albendazole and levamisole were used at a level of 1% as positive control. The extract of LAE, compared to PDE, showed better inhibition (P<0.05) of egg hatching. Different doses of both the LAE and PDE extracts showed a larvicidal effect (P<0.05) on all larvae exposed to different doses of the extracts. In the larval migration assay, a similar effect with levamisole at doses of 250 and 500 μg/mL occurred with the LAE extract. The extract of P. dulce had a lower larvicidal effect (P<0.05) than levamisole and L. acapulcensis extracts. Using aqueous extracts of both species of L. acapulcensis and P. dulce could be a promising alternative to synthetic anthelmintics as treatments of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in organic and conventional production systems under subtropical conditions.UAE

Productividad y rentabilidad de la codorniz (coturnix coturnix japónica) en la región sur del Estado de México

Con el objetivo de determinar la productividad y rentabilidad de la producción coturnícola en la región Sur del Estado de México, bajo condiciones de clima templado, se realizó un estudio usando la metodología de formulación y evaluación de proyectos. El mercado principal del producto se concentró en Toluca, Temascaltepec y Valle de Bravo con consumo promedio mensual de 5 000, 2 800 y 1 900 piezas en canal respectivamente. El precio promedio por kg de carne y huevo fue $115.0 ($11.5/pieza) y $50.0. Se tuvo una inversión fija de$26,222.0, una depreciación del valor actual de $17,500.0 y un total de costos fijos y variables al primer año de$141,269.2. Los ingresos al primer año fueron $175,425.0. El Valor Presente Neto (VPN (10$3,676.35, con 14.02% de recuperación de la inversión fija; una relación Beneficio-Costo y beneficio Inversión Neta de 1.029 y 1.09, y una TIR de 12.47%. De acuerdo con los análisis de mercado, técnico, financiero y económico la producción de codorniz en la región sur del Estado de México es rentable

Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation, milk production and fatty acid content

Twenty four French Alpine goats (39 ± 2·0 kg) were individually housed in a completely randomized design and fed a basal diet containing 146 g crude protein and 356 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg in the absence (control – CTRL) or presence (CELL) of 2 ml of cellulase/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for 70 days, which included a 10-day adaptation period. The feed was offered three times daily at 07·00, 13·00 and 19·00 h, but the single daily dose of cellulase was only fed at 07·00 h. Goats were hand milked daily; milk production recorded and samples taken for compositional analysis. During the last 5 days of the experimental period, goats from each group were individually housed in stainless steel metabolic cages to enable separate and total collection of faeces and urine for nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation determinations. Goats fed CELL had greater DMI and greater digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter and NDF than CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater ruminal pH, concentration of acetic acid and concentration of propionic acid than CTRL goats. However, the concentration of ruminal butyric was lower in CELL goats compared with CTRL goats. CELL goats had greater milk yield, energy corrected milk, milk energy content, milk energy output and milk density than CTRL goats and the milk content for total solids, fat, protein and lactose were also greater for CELL goats than for the CTRL goats. The milk of CELL goats had greater palmitoleic acid, cis-10-heptadecanoic acid content and mono-saturated acids than the milk of CTRL goats and lower linoleic acid, linolenic acid contents and saturated fatty acids than the milk of CTRL goats. These results suggest that addition of 2 ml cellulase/kg DM of feed in the diet of lactating French Alpine goats elevated their milk production and improved its composition probably due to improved feed utilization.UAE

Lactation curves and body weight changes of Alpine, Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goats as well as pre-weaning growth of their kids

Thirty-six goats: 15 Alpine (AG), 13 Saanen (SG) and 8 Anglo-Nubian (ANG) were used to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW) changes and milk production to validate Wood’s model in lactation curves. The kids pre weaning weight, weaning weight (WW) and daily weight gain (DWG) were determined. Milk production was measured daily for a period of 90 d. The DWG was quantified daily, while BW was recorded weekly. Performance of 48 kids (20 AG, 15 SG and 13 ANG), aged 15 d were evaluated. Wood’s model was utilised to describe goat’s lactation curve in the different studied goat breeds. Milk production was differed between breeds and according to the number of kids suckled (P < 0.05). Both of DMI and BW showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) during the studied period. Both of WW and DWG were unaffected by type of kidding and breed and were higher in males than in females. It is suggested that equation ofWood’s model is adequate to describe the lactation curve in studied goat breeds. The ANG and AG breeds versus SG had more persistence for milk production which was higher for those with single type of birth than those with twins.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad Autónoma Chaping

Uso de la amilasa termoestable de Bacillus licheniformis en la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón de sorgo y maíz

Varias enzimas celulolíticas se han usado para incrementar la digestion ruminal de la fibra y mejorar la producción en rumiantes. Sin embargo, se ha dado poca atención a las enzimas amilolíticas como un tratamiento a los granos, a pesar de que la productividad del ganado puede mejorar con el uso de mezclas de enzimas externas, incluyendo amilasas y celulasas. Así, se incubó sorgo, sorgo rolado con vapor y maíz (500 mg de grano), con fluido ruminal para estudiar el efecto de la adición de alfa-amilasa de Bacillus licheniformis (400 mL) en la digestibilidad in vitro del almidón a las 12 h de fermentación. La incubación (bloque) fue repetida tres veces y los resultados se analizaron bajo un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar Generalizado, utilizando la interacción bloque por tratamiento para estimar el error experimental. No se detectó interacción entre tipo de grano y enzima. La adición de la enzima termoestable incrementó (p<0.0001) la digestión in vitro del almidón (59.9 vs. 38.5%). La digestión in vitro promedio del almidón (p<0.0001) fue más baja en el sorgo (30.42%), intermedia en el sorgo rolado con vapor (50.72%), y más alta en el maíz (66.48%). La adición de la amilasa termoestable de Bacillus licheniformis incrementó la digestión in vitro del almidón del sorgo y maíz; por lo tanto, esta enzima podría mejorar la digestión in vivo del almidón y la eficiencia alimenticia de dietas basadas en granos con tasas bajas e intermedias de fermentación

PRODUCTIVIDAD Y RENTABILIDAD DE LA CODORNIZ (Coturnix coturnix japónica) EN LA REGIÓN SUR DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

The objective was to determinate the productivity and profitability of quail production in the south of México State, on temperate conditions. The methodology used was formulation and evaluation of projects. The product's main market was Toluca, Temascaltepec and Valle de Bravo, with a monthly demand of 5,000, 2,800 and 1,900 carcasses respectively. The average price per kg of meat and egg was $115.0 ($ 11.5/piece) and $50.0, respectively. The fixed inversion was$26,222.0; the current depreciation value was $17,500.0. In the same way fixed and variables costs during the first year were$141,269.2. The revenue in the first year was $175,425.0. The net present value was$3,676.35, with 14.02% return of the fixed investment, the cost and benefic relationship and net investment benefit was 1.029 and 1.09 respectively. With a IRR 12.47%. According to the technical, financial and economic market analysis the Quail production in the south of Mexico State was profitable.Net present value, cost-benefit, return internal rate, quail., Agribusiness,

Metodologías y aplicaciones para la producción ganadera del trópico seco en el Sur del Estado de México

Es una colección de metodologías aplicadas a la economía y producción de pecuaria en la región Sur del estado de México

Production and marketing characteristics of pig production in the south of the State of Mexico

The paper examines the structure and the operation of pig production in the south of the state of Mexico, it explores the various stages that make up the commercialization process of the activity and the different actors involved, it means, all the process that is followed since the departure of the animal from the farm until its arrival as a final product for the consumer. It is also calculated the marketing margins resulting during the different stages of the process, which are used as indicators of profitability. The study was held in 2007 when a total of 17 producers of pork, two collectors, 28 retailers and 37 consumers of pig meat were polled. The objective of the survey was to gather information about the production process, actors, marketing costs and prices, and then determine the margins of marketing and characterization of pig production in the South of the state of Mexico. The results showed that at current prices, the producers participation in the final price, paid by the consumer, was 26,22 %, while the intermediaries participation was 73,78 %. The total marketing margin averaged 23,93 $/kg, from which retailers gained 23,52$/kg (98,28 %), while the remaining 0,40 $/kg was for the collectors. The traditional marketing process used in the region is: producer, collector, retailer and final consumer

Óptimos económicos en corderos pelibuey engordados en corral

Los óptimos técnico (OT) y económico (OE) fueron estimados durante ocho semanas en 24 corderos Pelibuey machos (PVI 20 ± 0.52 k y edad 75 ± 15 d). Los valores del OT para alimentación y número de semanas fueron 107.40 k y 34.3, con ganancias de $718.29 y$ 1 147.61, y los del OE fueron 95.1 k y 34.26, con ganancias de $728.75 y$ 1 148.13. El peso máximo in vivo no necesariamente significa un máximo ingreso neto

In Vitro Gas Production and Dry Matter Degradability of Diets Consumed by Goats with or Without Copper and Zinc Supplementation

An in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of copper and zinc supplementation on the amount and rate of gas production, dry matter degradability (IVDMD), utilization of metabolizable energy (ME), and ruminal fermentation patterns using rumen fluid from four Boermale goats as inoculum. The goats were fed twice daily at 07:00 and 19:00 h a total mixed ration containing 10.3 and 22.5 mg/kg DM of Cu and Zn, respectively. This diet was incubated in vitro for 96 h with four treatments being: control, Cu (21.7), Zn (5.6), and Cu–Zn (21.7 and 5.6) which was provided as a mineral premix. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. Rates of gas production (RGP) at 4 (RGP4h) and 6 h (RGP6h) and gas production (GP) at 24 (GP24h) and 48 h (GP48h) differed (p<0.01) among treatments. An addition of Cu increased the RGP4h, RGP6h, GP24h, and GP48h (p<0.0001). The Cu treatment had the highest IVDMD and control the lowest (p<0.05), and the Cu treatment was the highest values of ME and SCFA. The addition of Cu to the in vitro ruminal fermentation increased gas production and efficiency of energy use